4.1a Nutrition Needs Before Contraception Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in 4.1a Nutrition Needs Before Contraception Deck (21)
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1
Q

Nutrition Care

A

Based on

  • Current health status
  • Pre-pregnancy height and weight
  • Medical history
  • Health habits
  • Socioeconomic status
  • Access to food
  • Cultural beliefs and practices
2
Q

Nutrition Related Problems/Risk Factors

A
  • Diabetes
  • Phenylketonuria (PKU)
  • Obesity
  • Bariatric Surgery
  • Eating disorders
  • Adolescent pregnancy
3
Q

Folate (Folic Acid)

A
  • Imperative to reduce neural tube defects
  • 0.4 mg (400mcg) of folic acid a day in addition to dietary sources
  • Woman who had a child with neural tube defects already should take 4mg a day beginning at least 1 month before attempting to conceive and continuing throughout 1st trimester
4
Q

Nutrients during 1st trimester

A
  • Relatively few demands on maternal nutrition
5
Q

Nutrients during last trimester

A
  • Most fetal stores of energy and minerals are deposited
  • Growth of uterine-placental fetal unit
  • Increase in maternal blood volume
  • 25% increase in metabolic rate
6
Q

Dietary Reference Intake (DRI)

A
  • Dietary recommendations for daily nutritional intake for all healthy members of the population
7
Q

Energy Needs

A

1st trimester - 1800 kcal/day
2nd trimester - 2200 kcal/day
3rd trimester - 2400 kcal/day

8
Q

Weight Management

A
  • Primary factor for recommendations depends on appropriateness of pre-pregnancy weight for the women’s height
  • Fetal risks are higher when mother is under or overweight or when weight gain is too much or too little during pregnancy
    UNDERWEIGHT WOMEN
  • More likely to have preterm labor and LBW babies

Normal/Underweight women with inadequate weight gain have increased risk of giving birth to a baby with Intrauterine Growth Restriction

9
Q

BMI Formula

A

BMI = Weight / Height^2

10
Q

BMI Stats

A

Underweight - <18.5
Normal - 18.5-24.9
Overweight - 25-29.9
Obese - >30

11
Q

Optimal Weight Gain Normal/Underweight

A

1st trimester - 2-4 lb total weight

2nd and 3rd Trimester - 1 lb per week

12
Q

Optimal Weight Gain Overweight/Obese

A

Overweight - 2nd and 3rd trimester 0.6 lb a week

Obese - 2nd and 3rd trimester 0.5 lb a week

13
Q

Recommended Total Weight Gain

A

Underweight - 28-40 pounds
Normal - 25-35 pounds
Overweight - 15-25 pounds
Obese - 11-20 pounds

14
Q

Inadequate weight gain during pregnancy

A
  • Risk of preterm birth and SGA (small gestational age)
15
Q

Influences of weight gain

A
  • Financial resources for food
  • Low pre-pregnancy weight
  • Figure conscious and purposeful restriction of weight
16
Q

Obesity Risks

A
  • Miscarriage
  • Birth defects
  • Stillbirth
  • Abnormal Fetal Growth
  • Preterm Birth
17
Q

Maternal Risks

A
  • Gestational Diabetes
  • Hypertensive disorders
  • Vacuum and forceps-assisted births
  • Cesarean birth
  • Surgical site infection
  • Venous Thromboembolism
  • Depression
  • Excessive weight gain can be hard to lose after
18
Q

Risks of Overweight during Pregnancy

A
  • Preeclampsia
  • Gestational Diabetes
  • Macrosomia (excessive birth weight)
  • Cephalopelvic Disproportion (baby head or pelvis too big to fit through mothers pelvis)
  • Emergency c-section
  • Postpartum hemorrhage
  • UTI
19
Q

Risks of being Overweight During Pregnancy

A
  • Miscarriage
  • Congenital Anomalies
  • Stillbirth
20
Q

Excessive Weight Gain during Pregnancy Risks

A
  • Risk of chronic obesity
  • Hypertension
  • Diabetes
  • Heart Disease
  • Infants risk of obesity if mother is obese
21
Q

Priority for Someone who gains too much weight during Pregnancy

A
  • Education about proper nutrition
  • Dietician
  • 24 Hour Recall Assessment
  • Income assessment
  • Ask about PICA and food cravings
  • Qualifications of assistance through WIC (low income food assistance)

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