42. Antifungal drugs

Question 1

Most commonly used drugs in this class

Answer 1

topical antifungals

Question 2

The single antifungal drug for ophthalmic use

Answer 2

natamycin

Question 3

Amphotericin B and nystatin are classified as __

Answer 3

polyenes

Question 4

Ketoconazole is classified as an __

Answer 4

imidazole

Question 5

Fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, posconazole, and isavuconazonim are classified as __

Answer 5

triazoles

Question 6

Imidazoles and traizoles are often referred to by the more general term __

Answer 6

azole antifungals

Question 7

Caspofungin, micafungin, and andiulafungin are classified as __

Answer 7

echinocandins (-fungin)

Question 8

-fungin is the suffix for which classification of antifungals?

Answer 8

echinocandins (-fungin)

Question 9

Two antifungals that are not specifically classed

Answer 9

flucytosine and griseofulvin

Question 10

Cause cell death by binding to sterols in fungi cell membrane

Answer 10

polyenes

Question 11

Inhibit fungal cell cytochrome P-450 enzymes, which inhibits ergosterol production

Answer 11

imidazoles and triazoles (-azole)

Question 12

Prevent synthesis of glucans for fungal cell walls

Answer 12

echinocandins (-fungin)

Question 13

A polyene used to treat oropharyngeal candidiasis (aka thrush)

Answer 13

nystatin

Question 14

A polyene effective against a wide range of fungi, synergistic with flucytosine

Answer 14

amphotericin B

Question 15

Most common contraindication

Answer 15

drug allergy

Question 16

A triazole that can cause fetal harm in pregnant women

Answer 16

voriconazole

Question 17

A triazole that should never be used to treat onychomycoses in pts with cardiac problems

Answer 17

itraconazole

Question 18

Drug of choice for severe systemic mycoses; many AEs; caution in bone marrow suppression or renal impairment; polyene

Answer 18

amphotericin B

Question 19

For treatment of severe Aspergillus infection; must be reduced in pts w impaired liver function; echinocandin

Answer 19

caspofungin

Question 20

Preferred to amphotericin B; triazole

Answer 20

fluconazole

Question 21

Treatment for oral and vaginal candidiasis; topical for candidal diaper rash and taken orally as prophylaxis against candidal infections in immunosuppressed pts; polyene

Answer 21

nystatin

Question 22

Topical, gel, and spray for superficial dermatologic infections (tenia pedis, tinea cruris, and tinea corporis); Tablet for systemic use to treat onychomycoses; Only drug classified as an allylamine antifungal

Answer 22

Terbinafine

Question 23

Severe Aspergillus infections and variety of other severe fungal infections; Contraindicated in pts taking other P-450 drugs; Only antifungal contraindicated in pregnancy; Must be adjusted for renal dysfunction; Triazole

Answer 23

Voriconazole

Question 24

__ lozenges not used in children younger under 5; polyene

Answer 24

Nystatin

Question 25

Patient teaching for nystatin lozenges

Answer 25

Do not chew or swallow whole

Question 26

Patient teaching for nystatin oral suspension

Answer 26

Swish medication thoroughly for as long as possible before swallowing

Question 27

Monitor vital signs every 15 mins after IV amphotericin B; if severe reaction occurs then __

Answer 27

discontinue the infection while closely monitoring patient

Question 28

Almost all pts given the polyene __ by IV experience fever, chills, hypotension, tachycardia, malaise, muscle/joint pain, anorexia, N, V, headache

Answer 28

amphotericin B

Question 29

Pretreatment w antipyretics, antihistamines, antiemetics, and corticosteroids is common to decrease severity of infusion-related reaction in this polyene

Answer 29

amphotericin B