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Integration for Clinical Application > 4.2 Basic Skin Biology > Flashcards

4.2 Basic Skin Biology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the skin?

A
  • Protective barrier
  • Temperature regulation
  • Sensation
  • Vitamin D syntehsis
  • Immunosurveillance
  • Cosmesis- psychological wellbeing of skin
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2
Q

What is erythroderma?

A

More than 90% of body surface area affected, erythematous and exfoliative

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3
Q

What are the complications of erthyroderma?

A

Total skin failure
- Hypothermia- loss of thermoregulation
- Infection
- Renal failure- insensible losses
- High output cardiac failure (dilated skin vessels)
- Protein malnutrition (high skin turnover)

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4
Q

What are the causes of erythroderma?

A

Psoriasis
Eczema
Drugs
Cutaneous T cell lymphoma

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5
Q

What are the symptoms of erythroderma?

A

Pruritus
Fatigue
Anorexia
Feeling cold

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6
Q

What are the signs of erythroderma?

A

Erythematous
Thickened
Inflamed
Scaly
No sparing- rash is all over

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7
Q

What are the 3 layers of the skin?

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis

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8
Q

What are the 4 major cell types in the skin?

A

Keratinocytes
Langerhan cells
Melanocytes
Merkel cells

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9
Q

What do keratinocytes do?

A

Form a protective barrier

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10
Q

What do langerhans cells do?

A

Anitgen presenting cells

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11
Q

What do melanocytes do?

A

Produce melanin

Pigment which absorbs light and protects cell nuclei from UV DNA damage

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12
Q

What do merkel cells do?

A

Contain specialised nerve endings for sensation

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13
Q

What are the layers of the epidermis?

A

Come lets get sun burnt

Stratum corneum
Startum lucidum
Stratum granuolsum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale

Each layer represents a differnt stage of maturation of the keratinocyte

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14
Q

What is the average epidermal turnover time?

A

30 days

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15
Q

Where do you find stratum lucidum?

A

Areas of thicker skin such as palms and soles

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16
Q

What can pathology of the epidermis cause?

A

Change in:
- Epidermal turnover
- Surface of the skin
- Pigmentation of the skin

17
Q

How does psoriasis present?

A

Scaley-silver colour
Plaques
Erythematous
Well defined

18
Q

How does vitiligo present?

A

Well defined
Patches of hypo-pigmentation

18
Q

What is the dermis composed of?

A

Collagen
Elastin
Glycosaminoglycans

19
Q

What does the dermis do?

A

Provides strength and elasticity

20
Q

What does the dermis also contain?

A

Immune cells
Nerve scells
Skin appendages
Lymphatics
Blood vessels

21
Q

What is dermatographia?

A

Marks on skin stay for long periods of time, so you can write on the skin

22
Q

What is a wheal?

A

Discrete, transient raised mark caused by oedema in the dermal layer

23
Q

What do sebaceous glands do?

A

Produce sebum through hair follicles

Secretes sebum on to the skin for lubrication

24
Q

What causes the activation of sebaceous glands?

A

Puberty

Stimulation by conversion of androgens to dihydrotestosterone

25
Q

What is associated with acne vulgaris?

A

Increased sebum production and bacterial colonisation

26
Q

What are the two types of sweat glands?

A

Eccrine
- Widespread over body

Apocrine
- Active after puberty
- Found in axillae, areolae, genitalia and anus

27
Q

What do sweat glands do?

A

Regulate body temperature

Innervated by sympathetic nervous system

28
Q

What does a hair consist of?

A

Modified keratin

Divided into:
Hair shaft
Hair bulb

29
Q

What are the 3 main types of hair?

A

Lanugo- covers foetus
Vellum- short hair all over
Terminal- coarse long hair

30
Q

What are the stages of hair follicle growth?

A

Anagen
Catagen
Telogen

Disrupted in cancer

31
Q

What are the two types of hair loss?

A

Patchy- Alopecia areata

Male pattern baldness- androgen-driven

32
Q

What are the different parts of a nail?

A

Nail plate

Arises from the nail matrix at the posterior nail fold

Nail plate rests on nail bed

33
Q

What part of the nail contains capillaries?

A

Nail bed

34
Q

What conditions can affect nails?

A

Eczema and psoriasis
Thickening and separation of the nail from the bed

Melanoma
Hyperpigmented linear lesion on nail

Integration for Clinical Application (16 decks)

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