Carbohydrates Flashcards
what are carbohydrates made from?
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
what are monosaccharides?
the simplest sugars that have the same number of carbon as oxygen atoms. They are the monomers of carbohydrates.
what are isomers?
molecules that have the same molecular formula but different arrangement of atoms in space
what type of monosaccharide is glucose?
a hexose monosaccharide
what type of monosaccharide is ribose?
a pentose monosaccharide
what type of bond is formed between two monosaccharides in a condensation reaction?
glycosidic bond
what is lost in a condensation reaction?
water
what is the name of the reaction when a disaccharide turns back into two monosaccharides by the addition of water?
hydrolysis reaction
what are polysaccharides made up of?
many monosaccharides joined in chains
what is the main storage polysaccharide in plants?
starch
what is the main storage polysaccharide in animals and fungal cells?
glycogen
what two substances is starch made up of?
amylose and amylopectin
describe the structure of amylopectin.
chains of monosaccharides joined by a-1,4 glycosidic bonds. After every 25 units, it branches off into a-1,6 glycosidic bonds. Very short branches.
what are the chains like in cellulose?
straight and unbranched with hydrogen bond cross links
which two monosaccharides make lactose?
glucose and galactose
draw the structure of a-glucose.
draw the structure of deoxyribose.
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