Chapter 6

Question 1

Assembly

Answer 1

Of animal viruses: host cell as factory

construction of the growing pool of apart

Question 2

Bacteriophage

Answer 2

A virus that specifically infects bacteria

Question 3

Budding

Answer 3

Excocytosis. The process that releases enveloped viruses from the membrane of the host cytoplasm

Question 4

Capsid

Answer 4

The protein covering of a virus’ nucleic acid core.

They exhibit symmetry due to the regular arrangement of subunits called capsomers

Question 5

Capsomers

Answer 5

A subunit of the virus capsid shaped as a triangle or disc

Question 6

Cell culture

Answer 6

A type of in vitro cultivation system that is a simple and effective way to grow population of isolated animal cells in culture.

A.k.a. tissue culture.
Makes it possible to propagate most viruses

Question 7

Cytopathic effects

Answer 7

They did generative changes in cells associated with virus infections.

Example: the formation of multinucleated giant cells, (Negri bodies) the prominent side of plastic inclusion of nerve cells infected by rabies virus

Question 8

Endocytosis

Answer 8

The process whereby solid and liquid materials are taken into the cell through membrane invagination and engulfment into a vesicle

Question 9

Enveloped viruses

Answer 9

A virus who’s nucleocapsid is enclosed by a membrane derived in part from the host cell.

It usually contains exposed glycoprotein spikes specific for the virus

Question 10

Exocytosis

Answer 10

The process that releases enveloped viruses from the membrane of a host’s cytoplasm

Question 11

Genome

Answer 11

The complete set of chromosomes and genes in an organism

Question 12

Helical capsids

Answer 12

Having a spiral or coiled shape. Set of certain virus Capsids and bacteria

Question 13

Host range

Answer 13

The limitation imposed by the characteristics of the host cell on the type of virus that can successfully invaded

Question 14

Icosahedron

Answer 14

A 3-D, 20 sided figure with 12 evenly spaced corners. I capsid shape in major virus families

Question 15

Inclusion bodies

Answer 15

A relatively inert body in the cytoplasm such as storage granules, glycogen, fat, or some other aggregated metabolic product

Question 16

Induction

Answer 16

A process in which the prophage in a lysogenic cell will be activated and progress directly into viral replication and the lytic cycle

Question 17

Lysis

Answer 17

The physical rupture or deterioration of a cell

Question 18

Lysogenic conversion

Answer 18

When a bacterium acquires gene from its temperate phage

Question 19

Lysogeny

Answer 19

The indefinite persistence of bacteriophage DNA in a host without bringing about the production of virions.

A lysogenic cell can revert a little excel, the process that ends in lysis

Question 20

Naked viruses

Answer 20

Viruses that consist of only a nucleocaspid.

Question 21

Nucleocaspid

Answer 21

In viruses, the closest physical combination of the nucleic acid with its protective covering

Question 22

Obligate intracellular parasites

Answer 22

Restricted to a particular characteristics such as only grows in a host

Question 23

Oncovirus

Answer 23

Mammalian viruses involved in the development of tumors

Question 24

Penetration

Answer 24

The action or process of making away through or into something

Question 25

Persistent infection

Answer 25

A virus infection that has cells that escape destruction by harboring the virus in some form.

Can last from weeks two years and even for the life of the host

Question 26

Plaques

Answer 26

In a virus propagation method, the clear zone of lysing cells and tissue culture or check embryo membrane that corresponds to the area containing viruses.

In dental application, the filamentous mass of microbes thatadheres tenaciously to the two and predisposes it to carries, calculus, or inflammation.

Question 27

Prions

Answer 27

I concocted word to denote “proteinaceous infectious agent”

A cytopathic proteins associated with the slow-virus the spongiform encephalopathies of humans and animals

Question 28

Prophage

Answer 28

A lysogenized bacteriophage;

a phase that is latently incorporated into the host chromosome instead of undergoing viral replication and lysis

Question 29

Release

Answer 29

The way assembled viruses leave their host.

Either by the lysis or by budding/exocytosis

Question 30

Spikes

Answer 30

A receptor on the surface of certain enveloped viruses that facilitates specific attachments to the host cell

Question 31

Syncytia

Answer 31

A multinucleated protoplasmic mass formed by the consolidation of individual cells?

Question 32

Synthesis

Answer 32

Replication and protein production.

Combination or composition in particular

Question 33

Temperate phages

Answer 33

A bacterial phase that enters into a less virulent state by becoming incorporated into the host genome as a prophage instead of in the vegetative or lytic form that eventually destroys the cell

Question 34

Transformation

Answer 34

In microbial genetics, the transfer of genetic material contained in the “naked” DNA fragments from a donor sell to a competent recipient cell

Question 35

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies

Answer 35

Progressive brain infections caused by unusual pathogens called prions, leading to loss of brain structure and function

Question 36

Tropism

Answer 36

Tissue specifities for certain cells in the body of viruses.

Having a special affinity for an object or substance

Question 37

Uncoated

Answer 37

The process of removal of the viral coat and release of viral genome by its newly invaded host

Question 38

Virus

Answer 38

Microscopic, acellular agent composed of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat

Question 39

Adsorption

Answer 39

A process of adhering one molecule into the surface of another molecule