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A Level Biology - OCR Biology A > 4.2.1 Biodiversity > Flashcards

4.2.1 Biodiversity Flashcards

1
Q

What is a population?

A

A group of organisms from the same species, living in the same area

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2
Q

What is a community?

A

All of the different populations / species living in the same area.

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3
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

The interaction between the community and the non-living parts of the environment

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4
Q

What is a habitat?

A

The place where an organism lives.

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5
Q

What are the three different levels of biodiversity?

A
  • Habitat
  • Species
  • Genetic

(In any order)

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6
Q

What is species diversity?

A

The number of different species in an area.

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7
Q

What is habitat diversity?

A

The number of different habitats in an area.

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8
Q

What is genetic diversity?

A

The diversity of genes within a species.

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9
Q

What is species richness?

A

The number of different species in an area.

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10
Q

What is species evenness?

A

A measure of the distribution of abundance of species in a community.

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11
Q

Why is random sampling often used to sample an area?

A

Reduces bias

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12
Q

Describe a method of random sampling to sample the number of daisies on the school field.

A
  • Divide sampling area into a sampling grid
  • Use a random number generator to generate coordinates
  • Place the quadrat at the random coordinate
  • Count the number of daisies in the quadrat
  • Repeat at least 10 times
  • Calculate the mean number of daisies in a quadrat
  • Multiply the mean by the area of the sampling grid
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13
Q

What is systematic sampling?

A

When samples are taken along fixed intervals, e.g. a transect

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14
Q

Give four examples of opportunistic sampling.

A
  • Sweep nets
  • Pooters
  • Kick sampling
  • Pit fall traps
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15
Q

When is stratified sampling used?

A

When their are multiple habitats within one sampling area

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16
Q

In the equation for Simpson’s diversity index, what does ‘N’ stand for?

A

The total number of ALL organisms

17
Q

In the equation for Simpson’s diversity index, what does ‘n’ stand for?

A

The total number of organisms belonging to one species

18
Q

The value for Simpson’s diversity index should always fall between which two numbers?

A

0 and 1

19
Q

If Simpson’s diversity index is close to 1, what does this tell you?

A
  • More diverse habitat
  • More able to cope with change
  • More stable
20
Q

If Simpson’s diversity index is close to 0, what does this tell you?

A
  • Less diverse habitat
  • More easily damaged by change
  • Less stable
21
Q

What is a locus?

A

The physical location of a gene on a chromosome

22
Q

How can a measure of genetic diversity in a population be achieved?

A

By calculating the proportion of polymorphic gene loci

23
Q

What is a polymorphic locus?

A

A locus that has multiple alleles (versions of a gene)

24
Q

How do you calculate the proportion of polymorphic gene loci?

A

Number of polymorphic gene loci / Total number of loci

25
Q

Name four things that products from animals and plants can be traded for.

A
  • Food
  • Medicines
  • Clothing
  • Fuels
26
Q

What does reclamation mean?

A

Restoring ecosystems that are damaged or destroyed so that they can be used again.

27
Q

What is ex-situ conservation?

A

The conservation of a species outside of its natural habitat.

28
Q

Are seed banks an example of in-situ or ex-situ conservation?

A

Ex-situ conservation

29
Q

What is in-situ conservation?

A

The conservation of a species inside of its natural habitat.

30
Q

What is preservation?

A

The protection of ecosystems, so that they are kept exactly as they are.

31
Q

What is CITES?

A

A global agreement
Signed by over 50 countries
Regulates trade of wild animals and plants

32
Q

Which global agreement makes it illegal to kill endangered species?

A

CITES

33
Q

What are the three main goals of CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity)?

A

Use conservation methods to preserve biodiversity

Use resources sustainably

Share benefits arising from genetic resources fairly

34
Q

What is the premise of the CSS (Countryside Stewardship Scheme)?

A

Farmers and private landowners using environmental management strategies to protect biodiversity on their land receive funding.

A Level Biology - OCR Biology A (13 decks)

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