Gastro

Question 1

What are the main symptoms of GORD?

Answer 1

Vomiting
Pain
Acid sensation
Bad breath
Aversion to food 
Irritability
Poor weight gain and anaemia if severe

Question 2

What are the main treatment options for GORD?

Answer 2

Diet
Gaviscon (although no evidence)
Ranitidine
Domperidone

Question 3

What are the symptoms of infantile pyloric stenosis?

Answer 3

Projectile vomiting, changes in stool (less)

Chronically: poor weight gain, malnutrition and dehydration

Question 4

How do we treat pyloric stenosis?

Answer 4

Rehydration and correction of alkalosis.

Surgical- pyloromyotomy

Question 5

What is the main cause of acute gastroenteritis?

Answer 5

Rotavirus (50-60%)

Question 6

How do we assess degree of dehydration?

Answer 6

Degree of weight loss:

Question 7

Main symptoms of HUS?

Answer 7

Can be vomiting or diarrhoea subtypes.
Haemolysis- anaemia, Hb-urea.
Uraemia- reduced urine output

Question 8

What is the treatment of HUS?

Answer 8

Supportive treatment.

Plasma exchange and dialysis if severe.

Question 9

What is the triad of symptoms of intussusception?

Answer 9

1. Abdominal pain
2. Mass in the RUQ
3. Bloody stool

Question 10

‘Red currant jelly’ stool is a late sign of what condition? (note, as this is a late sign it is now rarely seen)

Answer 10

Intususception

Question 11

What is the treatment of intussusception?

Answer 11

Early: hydrostatic reduction
Late: resuscitation and surgical reduction.

Question 12

Signs and symptoms of coeliac?

Answer 12

Distended abdomen
Wasted buttocks
Faltering growth
Anaemia

Question 13

If vomit is bile stained what is the likely cause?

Answer 13

Bowel obstruction (Volvulus, intussusception).

Question 14

What conditions may cause bloody diarrhoea?

Answer 14

IBD
Bacterial gastroenteritis
Cows milk allergy
Meckel's diverticulum
Intussusception
Constipation with secondary anal fissures
Polyps
E. Coli (HUS)