Basic Neuro Embryology (Based on BRS Embryo) Flashcards

1
Q

What three sources become the peripheral nervous system?

A
  1. Neural crest cells
  2. Neural tube
  3. Mesoderm
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2
Q

What parts of the PNS derive from the neural tube?

A

Pregangliotic autonomic nerves (sympathetic and parasympathetic)

All nerves that innervate skeletal muscles

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3
Q

What are some of the proteins/factors that play a role in neurulation?

A

BMP-2, BMP-4

Sonic Hedgehog (Shh)

noggin

chordin

FGF-8 (fibroblast growth factor)

N-CAM (neural cell adhesion molecule)

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4
Q

What factor does the notochord use to signal induction of the floor plate of the developing neural tube?

A

Sonic hedgehog (Shh)

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5
Q

What are the two openings at both ends of the neural tube?

To what do they connect the lumen of the neural tube?

A

The Anterior and Posterior Neuropores

They connect the lumen of the neural tube with the amniotic cavity

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6
Q

What does the anterior neuropore become?

When does it close?

What happens if it doesn’t close?

A

ANP -> Lamina Terminalis

It closes on day 25

Failure to close leads to anencephaly

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7
Q

When does the posterior neuropore close?

What happens if it doesn’t close?

A

PNP closes on day 27

Failure to close leads to spina bifida

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8
Q

The lumen of the neural tube gives rise to what?

A

The lumen of the neural tube gives rise to the ventricular system of the brain and central canal of the spinal cord

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9
Q

What are the 3 primary brain vesicles?

When do they appear?

A
  1. Prosencephalon (forebrain)
  2. Mesencephalon (midbrain)
  3. Rhombencephalon (hindbrain)

Appear during week 4

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10
Q

What 2 flexures appear with the primary brain vesicles?

A
  1. Cephalon flexure (midbrain flexure): between prosencephalon and rhombencephalon
  2. Cervical flexure: located btwn rhombencephalon and future spinal cord
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11
Q

What are the 5 secondary brain vesicles and their origins?

When do they appear?

A
  1. Telencephalon: from prosencephalon
  2. Diencephalon: from prosencephalon
  3. Mesencephalon continues on from before
  4. Metencephalon from rhombencephalon
  5. Myelencephalon from rhombencephalon

Appear week 6

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12
Q

What are the adult derivatives of the telencephalon?

A

Cerebral hemispheres, caudate, putamen, lamina terminalis, olfactory bulbs, hippocampus

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13
Q

What are the adult derivatives of the diencephalon?

A

Thalamus and all the hypo, epi, thalami etc.
mammillary bodies, neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary), pineal gland,
many parts of the eye and optic nerve

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14
Q

What are the adult derivatives of the metencephalon?

A

Pons, cerebellum

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15
Q

What are the adult derivatives of the myelencephalon?

A

Medulla

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16
Q

What new flexure is visible in the 7th week?

What does it become?

A

Pontine flexure

at the junction between the metencephalon and myelencephalon

Becomes the 4th ventricle and Rhomboid Fossa

17
Q

What are the adult derivatives of cranial neural crest cells?

A
  • Pharyngeal arch: skeletal and connective tissue components
  • Bones of neurocranium
  • Pia mater and arachnoid
  • Parafollicular (C) cells of thyroid
  • Aorticopulmonary septum
  • Odontoblasts (dentin of teeth)
  • Some sensory and parasymphatic ganglia of cranial nerves (hopefully will not be important until after 1st midterm)