Cardiology - epidemiology

Question 1

Ethnicities with the highest rates of cardiovascular disease?

Ethnicity with the highest rate of heart failure? Hypertension?

Answer 1

American Indians/Alaska natives

Blacks; blacks

Question 2

Attributable risk for myocardial infarction is highest in which risk factors? (order of rest?)

Answer 2

Cholesterol (then current smoking, stress, diabetes, hypertension, obesity)

Question 3

LDL versus HDL in terms of cardiac risk?

Answer 3

for every 1% decrease in LDL, 1% decrease in CAD risk

Question 4

Patients with diabetes – when to give high-intensity versus moderate intensity statin therapy?

Answer 4

Age 40 to 75 with ASCVD risk score greater than 7.5%

Question 5

Problem with the Framingham risk score? Use this scoring system instead?

Answer 5

Underestimate risk in women and minorities

Reynolds risk score

Question 6

When to use high sensitivity C-reactive protein levels to assess CVD risk?

Answer 6

In intermediate risk patients

Framingham 10 year risk of 10-20% or pooled cohort risk of 5-7.5%

Question 7

When is aspirin recommended for primary prevention?

Aspirin is not recommended in these age groups?

Answer 7

Men 45 to 79 years (if reduction in MI outweighs G.I. bleed)

• ASCVD>4% In men 45 to 59
• ASCVD>9% In men 60 to 69
• ASCVD>12% In men 70 to 79

• ASCVD>3% in women 55 to 59
• ASCVD>8% in women 60 to 69
• ASCVD>11% in women 70 to 79

Men under 50 or women under 60 with ASCVD

Question 8

Mortality in heart failure?

Answer 8

50% in five years