4.2.2 Haloalkanes

Question 1

Are Halogenoalkanes soluble in water?

Answer 1

Insoluble as C-H bonds are Non-polar.

Question 2

Do halogenoalkanes have a polar bond?

Answer 2

Yes, as the halogen has a higher electronegativity than C. ( Halogen is δ-
Carbon is δ+)

Question 3

What type of intermolecular forces do they have?

Answer 3

Permanent dipole dipole and London forces. C-X bond creates permanent dipoles.

Question 4

When do they have higher Boiling Points?

Answer 4

When the carbon chain length increases
Halogen further down the group

Question 5

How would the mass of a haloalkane compare to an alkane?

Answer 5

Greater mass Halogen>Hydrogen

Question 6

What is the most important factor for determining halogen reactivity?

Answer 6

Strength of C-X bond

Question 7

What would bond polarity suggest the order of reactivity would be?

Answer 7

C-F would be most reactive as most polar bond

Question 8

What would the bond enthalpies suggest the order of reaction to be?

Answer 8

C-I would be the most reactive as the lowest bond enthalpy.

Question 9

Define Nucleophile

Answer 9

Electron pair donor

Question 10

Give 3 examples of nucleophiles

Answer 10

1. OH -
2. CN -
3. NH3

Question 11

What is nucleophilic substitution?

Answer 11

Nucleophile donates lone pair to δ+ C

δ- atom leaves molecule

Question 12

What fission does water undergo to produce OH-

Answer 12

Heterolytic fission