Injury Prevention

Question 1

3 Types of Prevention

Answer 1

Primary: eliminate hazard
Secondary: reduce chance
Tertiary: injury has occurred

Primary Prevention- prevent the event
- Traffic safety laws, fences around pools, safety caps on medication bottles
Secondary Prevention- eliminate injuries or reduce severity is exposure occurs
- Helmets, seat belts, life vests, bulletproof vests
Tertiary Prevention- reduce consequences of injury
- PT, OT, Speech Therapy

Question 2

4 E’s

Answer 2

1. Education– may be most difficult
   
   • counseling on seat belt use
   • avoid alcohol before driving,
   • avoid cell phone use while driving
2. Environment
   
   • skid-free road surfaces
   • separation barriers
3. Enforcement– legislative regulations
   - helmet use laws
   - seat belt use laws
   - enforcement of speed limits
   - Graduated Driving Licensing
4. Engineering
   
   • seat belts & air bags
   • change the traffic patterns at identified high-risk areas e.g. roundabouts

Question 3

Driver Impairment & Older Drivers

Answer 3

Impairment: medical conditions and medications

Older Drivers: visual, cognitive, and motor skill decrease and have a higher per mile fatality rate even more than all age groups (for 89+)