CV Disease Epidemiology

Question 1

What percentage of deaths in the US does CV disease cause?

Answer 1

42%

Question 2

Major CV risk factors:

Answer 2

• Males over 45 yrs
• Females over 55 yrs
• Family history - Father

Question 3

Order of dealing with Dylipidemia:

Answer 3

• First LDL
• Then TG (>150)
• Then bringing HDL up (

Question 4

Normals:
Cholesterol
HDL
LDL
TG

Answer 4

200
>60
1-129

TG -

Question 5

Dyslipidemia risk factor:

Answer 5

CAD doubles for every 50 mg/dl increase over 200mg/dl

Question 6

Statins

Answer 6

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors to lower cholesterol levels are considered the best medication due to positive effectiveness on reducing CVD.
-Statins are only non-surgical treatment for cholesterol that reduces mortality

Question 7

Varenicline (Chantix)

Answer 7

-Binds with high affinity and selectivity at alpha4beta2 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
(competitive agonist with nicotine)
-For every nine highly motivated patients who use varenicline instead of placebo, one will not be smoking one year later
-Equal to or a tad better than bupropion

Question 8

Bupropion

Answer 8

• Inhibits uptake of NE, serotonin, and DA
• Mechanism by which bupropion enhances ability of patients to abstain from smoking is unknown
• Drug believes to reduce urge to smoke through its effect on the NE and DA neurotransmitter systems
• Equally effective as nicotine replacements
• Synergistic effects when used with nicotine replacements

Question 9

What is likely to be ineffective or harmful in preventing CV disease?

Answer 9

Beta-carotene

Vitamin E - inc. death from subarachnoid hemorrhage

Question 10

What should you use in people who have had an MI/ischemic event to prevent another?

Answer 10

Beta blocker!

Question 11

At what cardiovascular risk do you start a statin?

Answer 11

Above 5%!