Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis- Reynolds

Question 1

What is transcription?

Answer 1

Going from DNA to RNA

Question 2

What is translation?

Answer 2

Going from RNA to protein

Question 3

What does the 5’ end of DNA have on it?

Answer 3

A phosphate on the 5’ carbon

Question 4

What does the 3’ end of DNA have on it?

Answer 4

A OH group on the 3’ carbon

Question 5

What direction do you read DNA?

Answer 5

5’ to 3’

Question 6

What are the pyrimidines?

Answer 6

C, U, T

Question 7

What are the purines?

Answer 7

G, and A

Question 8

Compare and contrast pyrimidines and purines.

Answer 8

Purines have two rings while pyrimidines have one

Question 9

How many bonds are there between A and T?

Answer 9

Two

Question 10

How many bonds are there between G and C?

Answer 10

Three

Question 11

What is the structural difference between ribose and deoxyribose?

Answer 11

Ribose has an OH group on carbon 2, deoxyribose does not.

Question 12

What is a nucleoside?

Answer 12

It is a sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) and a base

Question 13

What is a nucleotide?

Answer 13

It is a nucleoside that has 1-3 phosphate groups as well

Question 14

What kind of sugar is in RNA?

Answer 14

Ribose

Question 15

Is the backbone of DNA hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

Answer 15

Hydrophilic

Question 16

What denatures DNA?

Answer 16

Heat, low pH, replication of DNA

Question 17

What is Tm?

Answer 17

It is the temperature at which half of DNA denatures

Question 18

What did the Hersey Chase Experiment prove?

Answer 18

That genes were comprised of DNA, not protein

Question 19

What is required for tightly bound DNA?

Answer 19

Histones are proteins that DNA is wrapped around. The collective unit of DNA and histones is called nucleosomes

Question 20

How many bp wrap around a subunit of a histone?

Answer 20

146 bp

Question 21

What was the Meselson and Stahl Experiment?

Answer 21

It proved that DNA synthesis was semiconsevative

Question 22

What is DNAa?

Answer 22

It is a replication initiation factor that also promotes denaturing

Question 23

What is DNA helicase?

Answer 23

“unzips” DNA

Question 24

What is SSBP or single stranded binding proteins?

Answer 24

They keep ssDNA apart during replication

Question 25

What is topoisomerase?

Answer 25

uncoils the DNA

Question 26

What is primase?

Answer 26

It synthesizes RNA primers for replication.

Question 27

What is ligase?

Answer 27

It binds the pieces of DNA (Okazaki fragments)

Question 28

What is DNA polymerase?

Answer 28

It adds on nucleotides

Question 29

What polymerase does the majority of the replication?

Answer 29

DNA polymerase 3

Question 30

What does exonuclease do?

Answer 30

It “proofreads” and corrects any incorrect Bp that are added