Irony And Etc

Question 1

Rising action

Answer 1

• the main conflict is introduced after the inciting moment

- the tension or excitement mounts with each critical incident

Question 2

Climax

Answer 2

• the point of highest tension, excitement, or interest
• may also be called the turning point; usually immediately follows the main crisis
• some stories end in the climax; they leave the reader hanging

Question 3

Falling action

Answer 3

• the tension breaks or calms down
• conflicts are resolved or mysteries are explained
• usually brief
• also called dénouement ( unravelling in French )

Question 4

Resolution

Answer 4

The final moments of the falling action

-readers have to interpret the resolution for themselves; this is called an indeterminate or inconclusive ending

Question 5

Foreshadowing

Answer 5

• gives the reader a hint of what is to happen later in the story
• prepares the reader for eventual outcome of action or upcoming changes in character

Question 6

Sub plots

Answer 6

• less important than the main plot

- sometimes provide insight to the main plot through mirroring or contrast

Question 7

What are the 3 main types of conflict ?

Answer 7

1. Character vs character ( external)
2. Character vs environment ( external)
3. Character vs himself or herself ( internal )

Conflicts can be physical, psychological, emotional or moral

Exists between protagonists and antagonist

Question 8

Protagonist

Answer 8

• main character whose actions and thoughts the reader is chiefly interested in following
• not always “ the hero “ or “ the good guy “
• there may be more than one protagonist

Question 9

Antagonist

Answer 9

• the enemy or adversary that opposed the protagonist
• not always a person
  
  • environment, a supernatural force, a social or cultural tradition, emotions
• not always “ the bad guy “
• there may be more than one antagonist

Question 10

Direct presentation

Answer 10

The author or someone else in the story tells the reader what a particular character is like

Question 11

Indirect presentation

Answer 11

The author shows the reader what the character is like by revealing what the character thinks , says or does

Question 12

Epiphany

Answer 12

A moment of significant insight or realization for a major character . An epiphany usually occurs at the end of the story

Question 13

Foil

Answer 13

A foul is a character ( minor ) who highlights the qualities of another character ( usually protagonist ) by having contrasting qualities

Question 14

Flat character

Answer 14

Character traits are not well-developed, can also be a stock character

Question 15

Round character

Answer 15

• complex and many-sided ; portrayed in detail; usually dynamic too
• we gain insight to their thoughts, conflicts and contradictory traits

Question 16

Static character

Answer 16

Remains unchanged throughout the story

Question 17

Dynamic character

Answer 17

• influenced by events that take place

- by the end of the story , this character’s personality , Outlook or status has changed

Question 18

Stock or stereotype character

Answer 18

• a character that is based on fixed familiar patterns
• has been presented so often in literature that his or her characters is immediately recognizable ( the knight in shinning armour , the mad scientist )

Question 19

First person point of view

Answer 19

• narrator is a character in the story

- reader sees and knows only as much as the narrator does

Question 20

Third person limited omniscient narrative

Answer 20

• third person point of view
• narrator is not a character in the story
• narrator presents the story and commentary from the perspective of only one character , as if staying by his or her side all the time
• readers find out the observations , thoughts , and feelings of only that character, the other characters are presented externally

Question 21

Third person omniscient narrative

Answer 21

• third person point of view
• the narrator knows everything from all-seeing , God-like perspective and remains “ outside “ the story
• free to enter the mind of any of the characters, without restriction, revalue their thoughts, feelings and actions at any time or place may also provide commentary from multiple perspectives

Question 22

The purpose of exposition

Answer 22

• to rouse the reader’s interest
• to start the action of the story
• to introduce the main characters
• to describe the setting ( time and place) of a story
• to suggest the central idea of the story
• to tell how the story came to be written or published

*some stories may start in media red or “ in the middle of things “ The preceding events are narrated at a later point in the story

Question 23

Third person objective point of view

Answer 23

• third person point of view
• the narrator has an omniscient view of external action and dialogue, but does not know what characters think or feel inside: does not present interior thoughts
• narrator does not comment or express his or her personal opinions about the characters
• relies heavily on observable dialogue and action; focuses on what characters say and do , not what they think and feel
• the narrator is like a movie camera that wheels around freely and records events, characters, and places of the story without judgement or commentary
• the reader is like a spectator at a film or play

Question 24

Second person narrative

Answer 24

The reader is the protagonist .

Question 25

Theme

Answer 25

The theme of a story is a general comment about life or human nature . It is the controlling idea or central insight that unifies all the major details of the story . A theme in a story can reinforce, shed new like on, or even challenge our existing beliefs .

Question 26

Symbol

Answer 26

A symbol is something that suggest more than its literal meaning

Question 27

Irony

Answer 27

Irony is a literary device based on some form of contrast or discrepancy et wren reality and appearance

Question 28

Verbal irony

Answer 28

• a contrast between what a character says and what the character actually means
• can overlap with sarcasm but not always

Question 29

Sarcasm

Answer 29

The use of irony to mock or hurt other another

Question 30

What is the difference between sarcasm and verbal irony ?

Answer 30

Sarcasm is the use of irony to mock or hurt someone or something . Sarcasm is also a form of verbal irony .

Verbal irony can be innocent and not used in a mean way .

Question 31

Dramatic irony

Answer 31

• a contrast between what a character or narrator in the story mistakenly believes to be true and what the reader knows is true
• the reader has information or anticipates something that the character or naive narrator is unaware of

Question 32

Situational irony

Answer 32

-a contrast that occurs when the actual outcome of events is different from what was expected or considered appropriate