Cases

Question 1

Genitive case

Answer 1

1. To denote possession
   Книга ученика-the pupil’s book
   Дети сестры- (my) sister’s children
2. When in English one says of
   Профессор русского языка- a professor of Russian
   Парк культуры и отдыха-park of culture and rest
   Бутылка вина- a bottle of wine
3. In combination with numerals
   With the numbers 2,3, 4 (genitive singular)
   Два стола-two tables
   Три книг- three books
   With the numbers 5,6 7, etc. (genitive plural)
   Пять столов-five tables
   Шесть книг-six books
4. In combination with words expressing an indefinite quantity. Nouns denoting countable objects are in the genitive plural.
   Сколько. How many
   Много. -столов, книг. Many -tables, books
   Мало. Few
   Nouns denoting uncountable objects or abstract notions are in the genitive singular.
   Сколько. How much
   Много- Света, воды. Much - light, water
   Мало. Little
5. In combination with the comparative degree of adjectives (without the conjunction чем)
   Океан больше, чем море. The ocean is bigger
   Океан больше моря. than the sea.
6. For direct objects of negated verbs.
   Я этого не говорила. I didn’t say that.
   Папа не имел возможности учиться.
   Papa didn’t have an opportunity to go to school.
   Я не читаю газет. I don’t read newspapers.
7. For the direct objects of some verbs.
   Желать-to wish- желаю вам всего хорошо- I wish you all the best.
   Требовать-to demand-учитель требует тишины- the teacher demands silence.
   Избегать-to avoid-он избегает людей-he avoids people.
   Бояться-to be afraid of- я боюсь холода.-I am afraid of the cold.
8. When a person or thing is not present or does not exist
   Сестры нет дома.-My sister is not at home.
   Учителя не было дома.-the teacher was not at home.
   Завтра утром его не будет дома.-He will not be at home tomorrow morning.
   Здесь нет врача.-There’s no doctor here.

Question 2

Nominative case

Answer 2

1. Subject

2. Predicate nominative

Question 3

Dative case

Answer 3

1. For indirect objects.
   Давать/дать-to give-дайте сестре книгу.-Give the book to your sister.
   Показывать/показать-to show- покажите гостям картины. Show the pictures to your guests.
2. With the following verbs.