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Brainowl Art > Annotated Mona Lisa (Prehistoric Through Medieval) > Flashcards

Annotated Mona Lisa (Prehistoric Through Medieval) Flashcards

1
Q

5 tools of art

A

Composition, Movement, Unity and Balance, Color and light/ dark contrast, Mood

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2
Q

Large, vertical stones with a covering slab like a giant table

A

Dolmen

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3
Q

Single stone set on its end

A

Menhir

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4
Q

Circular arrangement of stones, such as Stonehenge

A

Cromlech

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5
Q

Architecture of Mesopotamia

A

Tower of Babel, Hanging Gardens

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6
Q

Age of Pericles

A

Golden age of Greece. Pericles championed democracy and encouraged free thinking

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7
Q

Pottery ornamented with geometric banding and friezes of simplified animals, humans (9th-8th century B.C.)

A

Geometric art

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8
Q

Black forms stood out against a reddish clay background

A

Black-figured style

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9
Q

The figures, on a black background, were composed of natural red clay with details painted in black

A

Red-figured style

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10
Q

The weight of the body rested on one leg with the body realigned accordingly, giving the illusion of a figure in arrested motion

A

Contrapposto

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11
Q

Rival of Phidias, wrote book on proportion; most celebrated work colossal gold and ivory statue of Hera at Argos

A

Polykleitos

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12
Q

Athenian sculptor famous for first entirely nude Aphrodite statue; introduced more sensual, natural concept of physical beauty

A

Praxiteles

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13
Q

Early phase of Classical sculpture characterized by reserved, remote expressions

A

Severe Style

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14
Q

referred to all the standard components of a temple, typically found on mainland Greece

A

Doric Order

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15
Q

More widespread in the Greek settlements of Asia Minor ond the Aegean

A

Ionic Order

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16
Q

Its columns topped by stylized leaves of the acanthus plant, developed much later. It was not widely used on exteriors until Roman times

A

Corinthian Order

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17
Q

Female figures that replaced fluted columns

A

Caryatids

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18
Q

Period includes kouros stone figures and vase painting (600-480 B.C.)

A

Archaic Art

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19
Q

Earliest (625-480 B.C.) free-standing statues of human figures; frontal stance, left foot forward, clenched fists, and grimace known as “Archaic smile”

A

Kouros (nude male youth) Kore (clothed maiden)

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20
Q

Peak of Greek art and architecture, idealized figures exemplify order and harmony (480-323 B.C.)

A

Classical art

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21
Q

Greed-derived style, found in Asia Minor, Mesopotamia, Egypt; more melodramatic than Classical style (323-31 B.C.)

A

Hellenistic Art

22
Q

An oblong building with semicircular apses on either end and high clerestory windows, used as meeting place in Roman times and widely imitated in medieval Christian churches

A

Basilica

23
Q

Deep arch forming a half-cylindrical roof

A

Barrel Vault

24
Q

Two intersecting barrel vaults at the same height that form a right angle

A

Groin Vault

25
Q

Southwest tribe known for geometric-design rugs colored with herbal and mineral dyes, especially cormine red. Shamans created sand paintings to heal disease, promote fertility, or assure a successful hunt

A

Navaho

26
Q

Carved and painted kochina dolls out of cottonwood roots to represent gods and teach religion. Also decorated ceremonial underground kivas in Arizona with elaborate mural paintings of agriculture deities.

A

Hopi

27
Q

Carved and painted kochina dolls out of cottonwood roots to represent gods and teach religion. Also decorated ceremonial underground kivas in Arizona with elaborate mural paintings of agriculture deities.

A

Kwakiutl

28
Q

Alaskan tribe that carved masks with moving parts used by shamans; often combined odd materials in surprising ways.

A

Eskimo

29
Q

Created enormous temples in stepped-pyramid form. Huge limestone temples were richly carved with relief sculpture and hieroglyphics

A

Mayan

30
Q

Capital was Mexico City, the urban center of this large empire. Produced massive statues of gods who demanded regular human sacrifices. Skilled in gold work.

A

Aztec

31
Q

Peruvian tribe known for precisely constructed masonry temples and metallurgy; civilization at height when Spaniards arrived.

A

Incan

32
Q

Went to Tahiti in 1891, seeking an exotic culture unspoiled by civilization. The brilliant colors and simplified anatomy of his island paintings reflect decorative Oceanic art.

A

Gauguin

33
Q

Discovered African and South Pacific sculpture around 1904-8. Matisse, Derain, and Vlaminck were key painters who enthusiastically collected African masks

A

The Fauves

34
Q

Picasso and Braque pioneered this movement based on African tribal sculpture and masks, which fractured reality into overlapping planes. Stimulated developments throughout Europe, leading to the abstraction of Malevich and Mondrian.

A

Cubists

35
Q

In the 1920s, antirational artists like Ernst, Miro, Magritte, Giacometti, and Dali collected Pacific carvings, African masks, and fanciful Eskimo masks.

A

Surrealists

36
Q

Jose Clemente Orozco, David Siqueiros, and Diego Rivera dominated Mexican art in the 1930s by paying homage to the Mayan and Aztec empires.

A

Mexican Muralists

37
Q

Sophisticated artists like Modigliani found a freshness and vitality in tribal art missing in conventional art. His paintings of long-necked women resemble African carved figures.

A

Modernists

38
Q

The impermanence of Navaho sand paintings, destroyed at the end of a rite, caused this group to focus on the process of artistic creation rather than the end product.

A

Abstract Expressionists

39
Q

Artists as diverse as Jasper Johns, Roy Lichtenstein, Keith Haring, and David Salle have incorporated images of African masks into this era of works.

A

Contemporary

40
Q

Mosaics, icons

A

Byzantine art

41
Q

Frescoes, stylized sculptures

A

Romanesque art

42
Q

Stained glass, more natural sculpture

A

Gothic art

43
Q

Central-dome church

A

Byzantine Architecture

44
Q

Barrel-vaulted church

A

Romanesque Architecture

45
Q

Pointed arch cathedral

A

Gothic Architecture

46
Q

Hagia Sophia

A

Central dome church

47
Q

St. Serrin

A

Barrel-vaulted church

48
Q

Chartres

A

Pointed-arch cathedral

49
Q

Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus

A

Mathematicians Justinian chose to build Hagia Sofia

50
Q

Book of Kells

A

Collection of rich, purely ornamental drawings produced by irish monks. Enormous letters, fantastic animal imagery

Brainowl Art (3 decks)

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