Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Statistics > More Exam 2 Terms > Flashcards

More Exam 2 Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Why do we sample?

A

To obtain information about a population when a census is not possible.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

True or false: Valid inference about a population cannot be made from a sample obtained using a non-random sampling.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which type of data production establishes that treatments “cause” changes in the responses?

A

Experiments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In a valid experiment, what happens to the subjects?

A

They are randomly assigned to treatments.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

True or false: At the end of an experiment, what is compared to assess the effects of “treatments?”

A

Responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

is a simple random sample an observational study?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which type of data production allows the subjects to self-select their treatments?

A

A survey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What type of data production “imposes treatments” on subjects?

A

Experiment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

For valid inference, which type of data production does not require randomization?
Survey
Experiment

A

Neither of them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What type of randomization takes place in a random survey?

A

Random selection of subjects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What type of randomization takes place in a valid experiment?

A

Random allocation of subjects to treatment groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a lurking variable?

A

A variable that affects the relationship between the response variable and the explanatory variable but is not included among the variables studied.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The explanatory variable (x)

A

a set of treatments imposed on the subjects that might affect the outcome of the study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Response variable (y)

A

The outcome measured on each subject to reveal the affect of the treatment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When is the response variable determined?

A

At the end of the study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

upon what is a treatment applied?

A

The Subject

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What best describes the measurement of the response variable?

A

A single outcome measured on each individual or subject

18
Q

True or False: A control is any treatment without the active ingredient.

A

True

19
Q

thE EXPLANATORY CAN Explain all the treatments UsEd: True or False

A

True

20
Q

what is a confounding variable?

A

the condition where the effects of two different variables cannot be distinguished from each other

21
Q

what is an interaction variable

A

A condition where the effects of one variable on the response variable changes depending on the level of another variable.

22
Q

Show completely Randomized design

A

_

23
Q

What is hidden bias?

A

Bias that is introduced by not treating all individuals identical after treatments are applied

24
Q

What is the Placeobo effect?

A

Believing just because you are taking something if is fixing the problem because a professional said this solution would work

25
Q

What is a double blind study?

A

When both the doctor and patient don’t know who has the placebo

26
Q

What is meant by lack of realism?

A

Subjects may not be from the population we wish to study
Treatments may not be those we actually want to study
Experimental setting may not duplicate the situation we desire

27
Q

In a Randomized Block Design what is a “block?”

A

A group of individuals that are: Similar with respect to some basic characteristics known before the experiment begins and the characteristic is expected to affect the response to treatments

28
Q

How is randomization carried out in a randomized block design?

A

Individuals are randomly allocated to treatments with each block.

29
Q

When an observed affect is so large that it would rarely occur by chance.

A

Statistical Signifiance

30
Q

In this experimental design, all the subjects are allocated at random among all the treatments.

A

completely randomized design

31
Q

One type of block design of an experiment that combines matching with randomization. This design compares just two treatments. Each subject receives both treatments in random order, or the subjects are matched in pairs as closely as possible, and one subject in each pair receives treatment.

A

matched-pairs design

32
Q

An experiment where neither the subjects nor the people who interact with them know which treatment each subject is receiving.

A

double-blind experiment

33
Q

An experiment that uses both comparison of two or more treatments and random assignment of subjects to treatments.

A

randomized comparative experiment

34
Q

The explanatory variables in an experiment.

A

Factors

35
Q

A study that deliberately imposes some treatment on individuals in order to observe their responses. The purpose is to study whether the treatment causes a change in the response.

A

experiment

36
Q

A group of individuals that are known before the experiment to be similar in some way that is expected to affect the response to the treatments.

A

Block

37
Q

Design of an experiment where the random assignment of individuals to treatments is carried out separately within each block.

A

Block Design

38
Q

The individuals studied in an experiment, particularly when they are people.

A

Subjects

39
Q

A study that observes individuals and measures variables of interest but does not attempt to influence the responses. The purpose is to describe some group or situation.

A

observational study

40
Q

Any specific experimental condition applied to the subjects. If an experiment has more than one factor, this is a combination of specific values of each factor.

A

Treatment

41
Q

Two variables (explanatory variables or lurking variables) are said to be this when their effects on a response variable cannot be distinguished from each other.

A

confounded

Statistics (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions