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Foreign affairs Final exam > 4.3 Public diplomacy > Flashcards

4.3 Public diplomacy Flashcards

1
Q

” the manipulation of public opinion through the mass media for political ends”

A

Propaganda

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2
Q

What are the targets of propaganda?

A

foreign public opinion, domestic public opinion, or both

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3
Q

Propaganda is sometimes directed at…

A

achieving long term changes in opinion

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4
Q

What was the “information work” during the Cold War?

A

Propaganda

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5
Q

What was created during the world war 2 and the cold war to ensure that the residues they left were being used to build “information services”

A

Ministries of information

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6
Q

What was the primary work of ministries of information during the ww2 and the cold war?

A

build “information services”

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7
Q

What was the goal of the establishment of information sections?

A

Gathering information and sharing your national image to the hosting country

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8
Q

what was public diplomacy linked to, that was launched by the League of Nations?

A

Open diplomacy

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9
Q

At the end of the 19th century, public diplomacy was the term used to describe…

A

propaganda operations

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10
Q

3 reasons why the importance of public diplomacy increased after WW1

A
  1. The spread pf democracy
  2. emergence of ideology and quasi-religious mode of political argument
  3. The development of nuclear weapons increased the fear of war
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11
Q

What is the aim of propaganda or public diplomacy?

A

to exert indirect influence on foreign governments by appealing to its people

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12
Q

In what dramatic developments has propaganda played a key role?

A

the collapse of communism in Europe and the spread of islamist thinking

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13
Q

On what types of attitudes/opinions do propaganda work best?

A

existing attitudes and well-disposed opinions

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14
Q

“attempt to manage an international environment by an actor through commitment with another international actor.”

A

Traditional diplomacy

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15
Q

“the intent of an international actor to manage the international environment through commitment to a foreign public.”

“an international actors attempt to manage the international environment through engagement with a foreign public.”(N.Cull)

“Communication task of a country with the foreign public”(M.Leonard)

“They are programs aimed an influencing public opinion abroad.” (Mannheim)

A

Public diplomacy

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16
Q

Public diplomacy is a complement of the traditional diplomacy

A

True

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17
Q

What is critical to the success of public diplomacy?

A

Credibility for public opinion and content management for different targets

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18
Q

Concepts of public diplomacy

A
  • Interact with groups and private interests of a third country
  • Intense communication with diplomats and correspondents
  • Listen to the foreign public
  • Change focus or even change high politics
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19
Q

What did President Wilson talk about in 1919?

A

Publicity of diplomatic agreements versus the secrecy of the traditional diplomacy

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20
Q

Origin of public diplomacy as a concept

A

Ed Gullion, dean of the Fletcher school of law and Diplomacy of Tuffts University, 1965

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21
Q

Public diplomacy is an alternative to the word…

A

propaganda

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22
Q

Public diplomacy would be the democratic equivalent to…

A

propaganda carried out by authoritarian regimes

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23
Q

What distinguishes public diplomacy from propaganda?

A

interest in mutual benefit, cooperation and transparency.

Propaganda is coercive, imposes content and does not open space for dialogue and change

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24
Q

In public diplomacy, the dissemination of ideas in order to attract resources and people has to be based on…

A

trust and understanding

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25
Q

from what to the term “public diplomacy” get its name?

A

It is addressed to the public and to the public opinion

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26
Q

Is the term “public opinion” coined to its public or private nature?

A

No

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27
Q

Public diplomacy can be carried out by private actors

A

True

28
Q

Public diplomacy is based on

A

Feedback, between an actor from the international relations and a public, national or foreign

29
Q

In public diplomacy, it is possible to include the contact between two opinions without any intervention by their respective states

A

True

30
Q

Factors that fostered public diplomacy

A
  • changes in information allow information to be global and transparent
    -Role determining the new actors of IR: NGO, Civil society, company etc..
    -Traditional diplomacy and PD: opacity versus transparency. Both are complementary.
    -
31
Q

Who is responsible for the formulation and direction of the public diplomacy?

A

The state

32
Q

Public diplomacy becomes a factor to achieve…

A

national objectives in IR, especially in times of crisis in certain countries

33
Q

Public diplomacy strategy should be consistent with…

A

the external policy strategy

34
Q

Actors in PD

A
  • State
  • NGO
  • sports, athletes, celebrities, showbizz
35
Q

Bad reputation and the lack of trust by the public mean…

A

Low credibility for its actions

36
Q

4 Types of PD

A
  1. Cultural diplomacy
  2. Sport diplomacy
  3. Economic and corporate diplomacy
  4. Digital diplomacy
37
Q

What type of power is cultural diplomacy?

A

Intangible

38
Q

is cultural diplomacy diverse or monoistic?

A

diverse

39
Q

“prestige, a positive image, its ability to communicate outwardly, its openness to the outside, the exemplarity of its practices, attractiveness of its culture”

A

Cultural model

40
Q

When and who formulated the concept of cultural diplomacy?

A

Sun Tzu, almost 3 thousand years ago

41
Q

Three countries that may have significant participation in international scene thanks to its intangible power

A
  1. Greece: the origin of democracy
    2.Scandinavia
    3 USA:hollywood
42
Q

What do anime and Kpop have in common?

A

They are both Cultural diplomacy from the asian pop culture

43
Q

Was the use of Kpop and anime as a diplomatic tool planned by korea and japan?

A

No. not until a few years ago.

44
Q

What did the Prime Minister of Japan call pop culture in 2006?

A

“new ally of Japanese diplomacy”

45
Q

Th reason that Paris was not bombed during WW2

A

it is perceived as jewels of humanity that made it untouchable in the eyes of any reasonable strategist. Therefore, culture is important even in war times

46
Q

Individuals can also be actors in cultural diplomacy

A

True

47
Q

In international politics it would be a question of managing this narrative:

A

Presenting its country to the world with the greatest “attractiveness” possible

48
Q

What do cultural institutes do?

A
  1. Language learning
  2. Develop specialised libraries in multimedia
  3. Finance seminars and exhibitions of art or technology
  4. Show movies
  5. Advise foreign students
49
Q

Most of the institutions that teach language in the region are state financed

A

False. They are self-financing

50
Q

Culture as an instrument of FP

A

Soft power

51
Q

Why are exchange programs seen as public diplomacy?

A

they involve the “human factor” developing cross-border relations that reduce conflicts

52
Q

The role of the MFA in PD

A
  • Providing embassies with printed and other publicity materials for distribution and training of their press and public affairs officers
  • Dealing with foreign correspondents based in the capital
  • Putting out their own propaganda directly, in recent years especially via their multi-language version websites
  • Funding associated broadcasting organizations and cultural and educational bodies, whose audiences are, in the main, the next generation of decision-makers and opinion-leaders
53
Q

Is it true that some of the most effective public diplomacy has been conducted by bodies with a marked degree of independence from state control

A

Yes. Ex. BBC and Al Jazeera

54
Q

Can the embassy play a role in the public diplomacy?

A

Yes, but only if there is not a risk that the ambassadors propaganda is seen as an interference with the domestic affairs of the state

55
Q

Why are resident ambassadors well placed to engage in public diplomacy?

A

They are attractive to the local media as interviewees and to a variety of local bodies as speakers. They are the most authoritative representative of their governments and will not expect fees or payments of their expenses

56
Q

“almost all embassies have and officer who is required to devote at least some time to handling the local media and trying to coordinate the activities of local representatives of any public diplomacy partner.”

A

“Press attache” or “Information officer”

57
Q

What do the role of the information officer involve?

A
  • Distributing publicity material

- “working the media.”

58
Q

What does “working the media” mean?

A

Persuading local journalists to run friendly stories. Sometimes even bribing

59
Q

A promotional campaign carried out by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs will, in the best of cases, be perceived as….

A

Institutional advertising

60
Q

A promotional campaign carried out by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs will, in the worst of cases, be perceived as…

A

Political propaganda of the party in power

61
Q

Two additional actors in public diplomacy

A
  1. Autonomous communities

2. Local authorities

62
Q

What are examples of autonomous communities and local authorities in public diplomacy?

A
  • Tourism promotion campaigns
  • Cultural agencies
  • Cooperation development
  • fellowship programs and exchange
63
Q

An example of fellowship programs and exchange at community level

A

The town-twinning programme

64
Q

Who are the best actors in public diplomacy?

A

The private actors as they do not run the risk of being perceived as propaganda

65
Q

Example of sport diplomacy

A

Ping-pong diplomacy and ballet diplomacy

Foreign affairs Final exam (7 decks)

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