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Biology > 4.3 Urinary System Slideshow > Flashcards

4.3 Urinary System Slideshow Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of the urinary system? (4)

A
  1. Eliminate waste from the body
  2. Regulate volume and blood pressure
  3. Control levels of electrolytes and metabolites
  4. Regulate blood pH
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2
Q

How is urine formed by the kidneys?

A

Through the filtration of blood through the kidneys

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3
Q

What is the cortex?

A

The outer layer of the kidney

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4
Q

What is the medulla?

A

Inner region of the kidneys

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5
Q

Artery vs Vein?

A

Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart (a for away) whereas veins carry deoxygenated blood to the heart

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6
Q

What does the renal artery do?

A

Carry oxygenated blood from the aorta to the kidneys

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7
Q

What does the renal vein do?

A

Carried deoxygenated blood from the kidneys back to the heart

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8
Q

What is the job of the renal pelvis?

A

Join the kidneys to the ureters (stating point for ureters)

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9
Q

What is the bladder surrounded by?

A

Stretch receptor muscles

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10
Q

What is the job of the urinary sphincter?

A

Muscle that acts as a valve for the bladders urine storage

Valve: device the opens and closes to control the flow of liquids

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11
Q

What is the appearance of afferent arterioles?

A

Small branches stemming from the renal artery

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12
Q

What is the job of the afferent arterioles?

A

Give blood to the nephron

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13
Q

What is the Nephron?

A

Set of filtering units in the kidneys

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14
Q

What is the structure of the glomerulus?

A

A capillary bed: a network of small blood vessels that allow to exchange of gas, water and nutrients

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15
Q

What is a blood vessel?

A

A tube used to circulate blood through the body

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16
Q

How does glomerulus get blood?

A

The afferent arterioles supply the glomerulus with blood for filtration

17
Q

What is the job of the glomerulus?

A

It is the site of filtration: filters the blood

18
Q

How does the efferent arterioles help filtration?

A

Proteins, blood cells and platelet from the glomerulus exits using this tube to a capillary net because they are too big for the nephron

19
Q

What is the appearance of the peritubular capillaries?

A

A capillary net surrounding the tubes of the nephron

20
Q

What is reabsorption?

A

Movement of substances from the nephron back into the blood

21
Q

What is secretion?

A

Movement of substances form the blood into the nephron

22
Q

What is the job of the proximal tubule?

A

Reabsorb nutrients, water and sodium back into the blood via active and passive transport and secrete H+ and reabsorb HCO-3 to control pH

23
Q

What happens to substances that are not reabsorbed in the proximal tubule?

A

Are transported to the loop of henle and the proximal tubule for further urine refinement

24
Q

What is the appearance of the loop of henle?

A

Dips into the medulla which has a high salt concentration

25
Q

Why is there a high concentration of salt in the medulla?

A

Encourages water reabsorption

26
Q

Which side of the loop of henle is sodium reabsorbed

A

In the ascending loop

27
Q

What is the job of the distal tubule?

A

The content of urine are further refined

Further regulation of potassium and sodium chloride

Secretion if H+ and reabsorption of HCO3

28
Q

What is the job of the collecting duct?

A

Collect urine

Final site of water reabsorption

29
Q

What is the consequence of water deprivation?

A

Increase blood solute concentrations

triggers the release of anti diuretic hormone

Thrist

Darker pee

30
Q

Where are the receptors of antidirectic hormone located?

A

On the distal tubule of the kidney nephron

31
Q

What does the release of the anti directive hormone do to the kidneys?

A

stimulates kidneys to retain water and lower urine output

32
Q

What is the renin angiotensin aldosterone system use for?

A

Acts as a signalling pathway responsible for regulating bodies blood pressure

33
Q

What is the renin angiotensin aldosterone hormone stimulated by?

A

Low blood pressure or certain nerve impulses

34
Q

What releases renin and what is the significance of this?

A

The kidneys release renin triggering a signal transduction pathway. More specifically, renin splits the protein angiotensin producing angiotensin l. This is conveted into another enzyme using the angiotensin converting enzyme into angiotensin ll

35
Q

What is the function of angiotensin II?

A

Cause blood vessels to narrow and stimulates the secretion of the water retaining hormone vasopressin form the pituitary gland along with adrenaline, noradrenaline and aldosterone in the adrenal gland

36
Q

What do adrenaline and noradrenaline do?

A

Enhance vasoconstriction: the narrowing of blood vessels

37
Q

What does aldosterone do?

A

Influence filtration of the kidneys

Cause kidneys to retina more sodium and water and e create more potassium

Biology (35 decks)

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