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Pharm 1 > antihypertensive drugs > Flashcards

antihypertensive drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What drug class is hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril)

A

thiazide diuretic

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2
Q

What are the indications of hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril)

A

HTN, dependent edema, hypocalcemia d/t urinary loss

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3
Q

What are the side effects of hydrochlorothiazide (hydrodiuril)

A

hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypercalcemia, hyperuricemia, glucose intolerance

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4
Q

Who should not be prescribed HCTZ or other thiazide class diuretics

A

Anyone with a sulfa drug allergy since thiazides contain a sulfonamide moiety

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5
Q

How often should serum electrolytes be measured in someone starting a diuretic

A

Monthly monitoring should be performed until desired BP is reached

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6
Q

What drug class is furosemide (lasix)

A

Loop diuretic

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7
Q

What are the indications of furosemide (lasix)

A

HTN, edema, CHF, renal insufficiency, nephrotic syndrome, hypercalcemia

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8
Q

What are the side effects of furosemide (lasix)

A

hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia and hyperuricemia.

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9
Q

When is a loop diuretic the preferred diuretic

A

renal dz (low GFR), and hypertensive emergency since they are the strongest diuretic

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10
Q

what drug class is spironolactone (aldactone)

A

potassium sparing diuretic

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11
Q

What are the indications for spironolactone (aldactone)

A

Hypertension, chronic edema, hypercalcemia, PCOS, Hyperaldosteronism

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12
Q

What are the side effects of spironolactone (aldactone)

A

hyperkalemia

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13
Q

When is prescription of a potassium sparing diuretic inappropriate

A

For any patient who is taking Potassium supplements, Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and the Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers .

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14
Q

What drug class is propanolol (inderol)

A

non-selective beta-blocker

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15
Q

What are the indications for propanolol

A

HTN, angina and acute MI, tachyarrhythmias, migraine headache prophylaxis, essential tremors

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16
Q

What are the side effects of propanolol

A

fatigue, lassitude, decre mental ability, sexual dysfunction, nightmares, bradycardia, orthostatic hypotension

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17
Q

What drug class is atenolol (tenormin)

A

cardioselective beta-blocker

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18
Q

What are the indications of atenolol (Tenormin)

A

Hypertension, angina and acute MI, and several forms of tachyarrhythmia, hemodynamically stable MI

19
Q

what are the side effects of atenolol (tenormin)

A

fatigue, lassitude, decre mental ability, sexual dysfunction, nightmares, bradycardia, orthostatic hypotension

20
Q

What drug class is prazosin (minipress)

A

Alpha-blocker

21
Q

What are the indications of prazosin (minipress)

A

HTN, BPH

22
Q

What are the side effects of prazosin (minipress)

A

Dizziness, H/A, orthostatic hypotension, impotency

23
Q

What drug class is verapamil (isopten)

A

calcium channel blocker

24
Q

What are the indications for verapamil (isopten)

A

hypertension, angina (vasospastic) and cardiac arrhythmias(super ventricular tachycardia), migraine and raynaud prophylaxis, CHF

25
Q

What are the side effects of verapamil (isopten)

A

hypotension, dizziness, headache and flushing of skin, reflex tachycardia

26
Q

What drug class is lisinopril (prinivil, zestril)

A

ACE inhibitor

27
Q

What are the indications for lisinopril (prinivil, zestril)

A

HTN, post MI, diabetic nephopathy, prenephopathy

28
Q

What are the side effects of lisinopril (prinivil, zestril)

A

dry cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia

29
Q

what drug class is Losarten (Cozaar)

A

Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB)

30
Q

What are the indications of losarten (Cozaar)

A

HTN, diabetic nephropathy, prenephopathy

31
Q

What are the side effects of losarten (Cozaar)

A

Hypotension, potential hyperkalemia, Persistent dry cough. Angioedema

32
Q

What drug class is aliskiren (tekturna)

A

Direct renin inhibitor

33
Q

What are the indications for aliskiren (tekturna)

A

HTN

34
Q

What are the side effects of aliskiren (tekturna)

A

hypotension, headache, diarrhea, hyperkalemia (rare), and angioedema (rare)

35
Q

What happens if a beta-blocker is stopped abruptly

A

Potentially, rebound hypertension and/or rebound tachycardia that is thought to be due in large part to up-regulation of beta receptors during treatment with a beta blocker

36
Q

How does one reverse the bradycardia caused by a beta-blocker OD

A

glucagon (ER setting, of course)

37
Q

What does the -olol drug name ending indicate

A

that the drug is a beta-blocker

38
Q

When is a beta-blocker considered first line treatment

A

Only in HTN patient with co-morbid disease such as migraine headache, angina or history of MI

39
Q

What does the -opril drug name ending indicate

A

That the drug is an ACE inhibitor

40
Q

What is notable about ACEI effect on serum electrolytes

A

They have very limited effect on electrolytes except that they increase serum potassium

41
Q

What is the drug type of choice for treating a patient with HTN and DM2

A

ACE inhibitor

42
Q

What are the side effects of minoxidil

A

Hirsutism, sodium and water retention

43
Q

How do direct vasodilators work

A

By opening K+ channels

44
Q

What is a notable side effect of hydralazine

A

drug induced lupus syndrome

Pharm 1 (14 decks)

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