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SF1_Histology > Neurocytology I > Flashcards

Neurocytology I Flashcards

1
Q

Groups of neuron cell bodies in the PNS are called:

A

ganglia

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2
Q

Support cells in the PNS:

A
  1. Satellite cells
  2. Schwann cells
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3
Q

Groups of neuron cell bodies in the CNS are called:

A

nuclei (groups)
cortices (sheets)

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4
Q

Support cells in the CNS:

A
  1. Oligodendrocytes
  2. Astrocytes
  3. Ependymal Cells
  4. Microglia
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5
Q

During development, glial cells provide:

A
  • guidance to migrating neurons (neurons can migrate on them) and growth factor support.
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6
Q

Type of neuron:

A

multipolar

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7
Q

Type of neuron:

A

pyramidal

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8
Q

Type of neuron:

A

Purkinje cell of cerebellum

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9
Q

Type of neuron:

A

bipolar

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10
Q

Type of neuron:

A

unipolar

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11
Q

Can neurons regenerate?

A

no

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12
Q

Function of integrative neurons:

A
  • transmit information from neurons sending information to neurons receiving information. “middle-men”
  • pyramidal cells, interneurons, Purkinje cells
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13
Q

Function of dendrites:

A
  • receive information at synaptic clefts from transmitting neurons.
  • sums excitatory and inhibitory information that reaches the neuron.
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14
Q

Function of dendritic spines:

A
  • increases the surface area of dendrites to increase the amount of information they can take in from a transmitting neuron.
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15
Q

Does the axon contain and rough ER of free ribosomes?

A
  • No. The cell body synthesizes proteins and lipids and delivers metabolic products and organelles to the cell processes.
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16
Q

What is this an image of?

A

cell body.

note axon hillock

17
Q

What part of the neuron cell body and contains most of the organelles of the cell body?

A

Dendrites

18
Q

What structure lies between the cell body and the axon?

A

axon hillock

19
Q

Structures found in axons:

A
  • intermediate filaments
  • microtubules
  • microfilaments
  • mitochondria
  • vesicles
  • NO GOLGI OR ROUGH ER
20
Q

Axonal transport:

A
  • retrograde or anterograde
  • fast or slow
21
Q

Fast axonal transport utilizes what cytoskeletal elements?

A
  • microtubules
  • kinesin for anterograde transport.
  • dynein for retrograde transport.
22
Q

The two types of synapses:

A
  1. electrical
  2. chemical
23
Q

Electrical synapses:

A
  • analogous to gap junctions
  • important in coordinating cellular reponses in development
  • relatively rare in humans
24
Q

Structure of chemical synapses:

A
  • presynaptic element (releases vesicles)
  • synaptic cleft
  • postsynaptic element (contains receptors)
  • specialized to receive transmitter signals
25
Q

Active zone:

A
  • region in the presynaptic terminal that mediates neurotransmitter release.
  • composed of the presynaptic membrane and a dense collection of proteins close to the membrane.
26
Q

What is this an image of?

A
  • active zone of a synaptic terminal
27
Q

Synapsin I:

A
  • protein that binds vesicles to actin filaments and other components of the cytoskeleton in the active zone.
28
Q

Synapsin I is activated by:

A
  • phosphorylation by calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase.
  • allows release of vesicles.
29
Q

Docking and fusion of vesicles with the presynaptic membrane at a synaptic terminal is associated with what proteins?

A
  • VAMPs
  • t-SNAREs
  • synaptotagmins (calcium sensoring proteins)
30
Q

Steps in vesicle release from a synaptic terminal:

A
  1. Action potential reaches synaptic terminal, causing calcium influx.
  2. Calcium influx causes vesicle release from actin filaments.
  3. Vesicles are targeted to presynaptic membrane and accumulate in the active zone aided by synapsin 1.
  4. Vesicles dock and fuse with the presynaptic membrane through interactions of VAMPS and t-SNAREs. Synaptotagmins (calcium sensoring proteins) monitor docking and fusing process.
  5. Neurotransmitters are released.
31
Q

Fates of neurotransmitters released into the synaptic cleft:

A
  • degraded by enzymes
  • taken up by presynaptic terminal
  • taken up by glia (astrocytes)
  • diffuse away from synaptic cleft
32
Q

Following neurotransmitter release, what occurs to the vesicles carrying them?

A
  • endocytosed by the presynaptic membrane and recycled.
  • endocytosed and retrogradely transported and degraded by lysosomes in the cell body.

SF1_Histology (7 decks)

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