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Gross Anatomy > LAB - arteries, nerves, injuries > Flashcards

LAB - arteries, nerves, injuries Flashcards

1
Q

What are the artery components of the superficial dorsal network on forepaw?

A

Cranial superficial antebrachial - lateral & medial branches

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2
Q

What are the artery components of the deep dorsal artery network of the forepaw?

A 
Caudal interosseous (main)
Radial (small)
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3
Q

What is another word for the deep dorsal artery network?

A

Dorsal carpal rete

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4
Q

What are the artery components of the superficial palmar arch of the forepaw?

A

Median (main)

Superficial branch of caudal interosseus (small)

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5
Q

What are they artery components of the deep palmar arch of the forepaw?

A

Deep branch of caudal interosseus (main)

Radial (small)

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6
Q

What are the arteries of the superficial dorsal forepaw called?

A

Dorsal common digital arteries

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7
Q

What are the arteries of the deep dorsal forepaw called?

A

Dorsal metacarpal arteries

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8
Q

What are the arteries of the superficial palmar arch called?

A

Palmar common digital arteries

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9
Q

What are the arteries of the deep palmar arch called?

A

Palmar metacarpal arteries

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10
Q

What veins are part of the superficial venous system?

A

Cephalic, accessory cephalic, , omobrachial, axillobrachial, median cubital

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11
Q

What veins are part of the deep venous system?

A

Axillary, brachial

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12
Q

Which veins serve as a connection between the deep and superficial veins?

A

Median cubital

Axillobrachial

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13
Q

What are the main lymph nodes?

A

Superficial cervical

Axillary

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14
Q

Are superficial cervical lymph nodes constant? Palpable?

A

Both constant and palpable

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15
Q

Are axillary lymph nodes constant? Palpable?

A

Constant but not palpable

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16
Q

Are accessory lymph nodes constant? Palpable?

A

Inconstant but usually palpable

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17
Q

Afferent lymph vessels of the superficial cervical lymph node

A

Lateral thoracic limb

Caudal portion of the head, part of the ear, lateral surface of the neck

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18
Q

Efferent lymph vessels of the superficial cervical lymph

A

Thoracic duct (left side)
Right tracheal trunk (right side)
External jugular vein (both sides)

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19
Q

Afferent lymph vessels of axillary lymph node

A

Thoracic & cranial abdominal mamma

Skin of shoulder and arm

All bones except digits

Humeral, cubital, caral joints

Muscles of thoracic limb

Accessory axillary lymph node

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20
Q

Efferent lymph vessels of axillary lymph node

A

External jugular vein
Thoracic duct (left)
Left & right tracheal trunk

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21
Q

Where is the accessory lymph node located?

A

2 to 3rd intercostal space

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22
Q

What are the afferent vessels of the accessory lymph node?

A

Thoracic and cranial abdominal mamma

Skin of lateral and ventral thoracic wall

Lateral and medial regions of shoulder, arm, elbow

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23
Q

Efferent vessels of of accessory lymph node

A

Axillary lymph node

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24
Q

What nerves form the brachial plexus?

A 
Sixth cervical nerve
Seventh cervical Nerve
Eighth cervical nerve
Thoracic nerve 1
Thoracic nerve 2
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25
Q

What does the brachial plexus innervate?

A

Extrinsic & intrinsic muscles of thoracic limb
Skin of thoracic limb
Lateral wall of thorax

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26
Q

Why are there no cell bodies in the brachial plexus?

A

Cell bodies are located within the grey matter of the ventral horn

Efferent nerve travels from ventral horn to effector muscle

Afferents synapse in dorsal root ganglion

27
Q

What nerves innervate the extrinsic muscles of the thoracic limbs?

A 
Thoracodorsal
Lateral
Long thoracic
Cranial pectoral
Caudal pectoral
28
Q

What nerves innervate the intrinsic muscles of the thoracic limb?

A 
Suprascapular
Subscapular
Axillary
Musculocutaneous
Radial
Median
Ulnar
29
Q

Which nerves have cutaneous branches?

A

Nerves of the intrinsic muscles except supra- subscapular

Axillary
Musculocutaneous
Radial
Median
Ulnar
30
Q

What is the cutaneous area?

A

The total area of skin that is innervated by a given cutaneous nerve

31
Q

What are the 2 zones of the cutaneous area?

A

Overlap zone: innervated by two or more cutaneous nerves, located at the periphery of the cutaneous area

Autonomous zone: centrally located within the CA
Innervated by only 1 nerve

32
Q

How to test for cutaneous sensation?

A
  1. Grasp a small fold of skin
  2. Pinch with increasing intensity until reaction occurs or obviously no reaction

Any reflex or reaction indicates the nerve is working

33
Q

What muscle does the lateral thoracic nerve innervate?

A

Cutaneous trunci

34
Q

What is the panniculus relfex

A

Mild compression of the skin sends signal via dorsal branches of lumbar/thoracic nerves (C8-L3) and results in contraction of cutaneous trunci

35
Q

What does an injury to the suprascapular do?

A

Atrophy of supraspinatus & infraspinatus

Lateral abduction of shoulder “Shoulder slip”

36
Q

What does an injury to the muscolucutaneous nerve do?

A

Paralyze the main flexor muscles of the cubital joint

37
Q

Where does the axillary nerve pass from the medial to the lateral side?

A

Proximal to teres major

38
Q

What are the cutaneous branches of the axillary nerve?

A

Cranial lateral cutaneous brachial (lateral head of triceps)

Cranial cutaneous antebrachial

39
Q

What is the cutaneous branch of the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

Medial cutaneous antebrachial

40
Q

Where does the radial nerve pass from the medial to lateral side?

A

Distal to teres major

41
Q

What branches of the radial nerve innervate the extensor muscles of the cubital joint?

A

Tricipital branches

42
Q

What are the 2 main branches of the radial nerve?

A

Superficial branch

Deep branch

43
Q

What nerve runs with the cephalic vein & cranial superficial antebrachial arteries?

A

Superficial branch of radial nerve has medial & lateral branch

44
Q

What is the purpose of the Lateral cutaneous antebrachial nerve branch from the superficial radial?

A

Innervates skin

Dorsal common digital nerves (II, III, IV)

45
Q

What is the purpose of the medial branch of the superficial radial?

A

Dorsal common digital nerves (Lateral)

46
Q

What is the cutaneous area of the deep radial nerve?

A

Craniolateral aspect of antebrachium and carpus, and dorsal aspect of forepaw

47
Q

What would an injury to the radial nerve proximal to the tricipital branches do?

A

Paralysis of extensor muscles of cubital joint, extendors muscles of carpal and digital joints

Flaccid thoracic limb, no weight-bearing, foot is dragged with dorsal surface on the ground

48
Q

What would an injury to the radial nerve distal to the tricipital branches do?

A

Paralysis of the extensor muscles of the carpal and digital joints

Limb is weight bearing but “knuckling” occurs and dorsal surface of forepaw rests on ground

49
Q

What nerve innervates the palmar aspect of the distal limb?

A

Medial and lateral branches of median nerve

50
Q

What is the cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve?

A

Caudal cutaneous antebrachial

51
Q

What are the muscular branches of the ulnar nerve?

A

Dorsal and palmar branch

52
Q

Which branch innervates the palmar surface of the carpus, metacarpus & digits?

A

Palmar branch of ulnar nerve

53
Q

Which branch innervates the lateral surface of the 5th digit?

A

Dorsal branch of ulnar nerve

54
Q

Which ulnar branch innervates the interosseous muscles?

A

Palmar branch of ulnar nerve

55
Q

What is the cutaneous area of the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

Medial aspect of antebrachium

56
Q

What is the cutaneous area of the axillary nerve?

A

Lateral aspect of brachium

Cranial aspect of antebrachium

57
Q

What is the cutaneous area of the radial nerve?

A

Craniolateral aspect of antebrachium & carpus

Dorsal aspect of forepaw

58
Q

What is the cutaneous area for the median nerve?

A

Palmar aspect of metacarpus and digits

59
Q

What is the cutaneous area for ulnar nerve?

A

Caudal aspect of antebrachium
Palmar surface of carpus, metacarpus, digits
Lateral surface of 5th digit

60
Q

What is the cutaneous area for the brachiocephalic nerve?

A

cranioventral aspect of chest

61
Q

What is the cutaneous area for the ventral cutaneous branch?

A

Craniodorsal aspect of scapula

62
Q

What are the nerves on the dorsal forepaw called? What nerves make up this network?

A

Dorsal common digital nerves (Superficial nerves) - Lateral branch of Superficial radial

63
Q

What are the nerves on the palmar forepaw called? What are the nerve components?

A

Palmar common digital nerves - median nerve

Palmar metacarpal nerves - Palmar branch of ulnar nerve)

Gross Anatomy (28 decks)

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