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Commuication Theories > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Axiom 2 states what?

A

If the explanation theory offers doesn’t match our experience, it’s bad theory

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2
Q

We must refine our explanation to replace _______ (axiom 3)

A

Bad theory with good theory

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3
Q

This term aims to answer the question “what is the nature of the object of study?”

A

-Ontology

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4
Q

This term asks: How do we know what we know?

A
  • Epistemology
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5
Q

A theory of a theory is also called?

A
  • Metatheory
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6
Q

These theories look at what empirical factors influence communication and how

A
  • Sociopsychological and cybernetic
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7
Q

What is a theory?

A
  • An attempt to solve a problem
  • Providing lens to understand different issues/ frameworks
  • Argument
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8
Q

Carey, Craig, Natasia&Rakow were what kind of theorists?

A
  • Metatheory
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9
Q

Who was considered a historical theorist?

A
  • Mattleart
  • Peters
  • Wisemann
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10
Q
  • Hovland, Bandura, and _________ were sociopsychologists
A
  • Berger and Calabrese
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11
Q
  • the cybernetic theorists were who?
A
  • Weiner
  • Luhmann
  • Watzlwick et al
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12
Q

Axiom 1 states that theory is an attempt to explain what?

A

Our experience in the world (how ppl get things done, interpret events, interact)

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13
Q

What theorist focused their attention on interpersonal communication?

A
  • Watzlawick
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14
Q

Who emphasized vicarious experience and mutual dependence between society and individuals?

A
  • Bandura
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15
Q

Who stressed the importance of interactions with ppl you’ve never met?

A
  • Berger and Calabrese
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16
Q

Who defined communication as the process whereby an individual (communicator) transmits stimuli (aka verbal symbols) to modify others’ behaviour?

A
  • Hovland (Sociopsychological)
17
Q

Which theory emphasizes empirical research & exploration of individual experiences?

A
  • Sociopsychological
18
Q

Berger and Calbrese focus on communication between strangers and focus on 3 stages of interaction. List them.

A
  1. Entry (guided by norms)
  2. Personal
  3. Exit (plan subsequent interaction)
19
Q

Who defined communication as the process whereby an individual transmits stimuli to modify the behaviours of others?

A

Hovland.

  • communication
  • stimuli
  • communicates (response)
20
Q

What did Bandra’s social cognitive theory stress?

A
  • Humans are active, thinking machines.
  • Vicarious learning
  • social systems & us
  • empirical research
21
Q

How does Wiseman’s comparison about metaphors in speech in Homer compare to today’s notion of thinking and speaking?

A
  • Thumos was breath and phrenes were lungs- ppl thought throughout these and speaking was defined as breathing & thinking
22
Q

Who focused on spiritualist traditions?

A
  • Peters
23
Q

Who thinks that communication as an identifiable field of study does not yet exist and it should turn into a field bc it’s theories are relevant to everyday life

A
  • Craig
24
Q

What was Carey’s definition of communication?

A

” a symbolic process whereby reality is produced, maintained, and transformed”

25
Q

How do Nataisa and Rawkow view theory?

A
  • As a map making or puzzle making/ solving process
26
Q

Luhmann criticizes what he calls the common understanding of communication aka Sui genesis. What is this approach?

A
  • selection of information
  • selection of the utterance of info
  • selective understanding or misunderstanding of the utterance and its informstionX
27
Q

Who states that ‘only communication can communicate?’ & introduced autopoesis.

A
  • Luhmann
28
Q

This approach conceptualizes communication as an information processing act

A
  • Cybernetics
29
Q

What does Carey mean when he says “Communication is a symbolic process whereby reality is produced, maintained, repaired, & transformed

A
  • Reality is brought into existence by the construction, apprehension, & utilization of symbolic forms
  • Repair= it needs to be repaired bc it constantly breaks down (ppl get lost physically and spiritually, experiments don’t work out always)
  • Transformation= we must toss away authoritative representations about reality and begin to build the world anew
30
Q

Who said that “A commutation not only conveys information, but also imposes behaviour”? What are the two aspects of communication they propose?

A
  • Watzlawick et al.
  • ‘Report’- conveys info synonymous with content
  • ‘Command’- what the message is taken as
    Ex: cake wrecks
31
Q

Who proposed that human comm is just like how machines comm with each other? What did they say communication was synonymous with?

A
  • Wiener (coined ‘cybernetics’)
  • Communication= control
  • for example: pushing an elevator button = feedback and responses. You give an order to a machine and it responds, give an order to a person and they respond back to you as wlllll.

Commuication Theories (2 decks)

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