Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology Exam 4 > Cell Signaling > Flashcards

Cell Signaling Flashcards

1
Q

3 ways drugs interfere with cell signaling

A
  1. Interfere with release of cell signaling molecules
  2. Mimic cell signaling molecules
  3. Interfere with target of cell signaling molecules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

3 basic methods of cell signaling

A
  1. Share information via gap junctions
  2. Contact-dependent signaling
  3. Signaling via secreted molecules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Secreted molecules involved in signaling

A
  1. Endocrine
  2. Neuroendocrine
  3. Paracrine
  4. Neurotransmitter
  5. Autocrine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Targets for signaling

A
  1. Cell-surface receptors
  2. Intracellular receptors
  3. Enzymes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How many connexin molecules make one half pore?

A

6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Gap junctions are made of?

A

Connexins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Example of sharing info via gap junctions

A

Glucagon receptors and cAMP signal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Example of contact-dependent signaling

Signal:

Receptor:

A

Leukocyte adhesion prior to transmigration in inflammation

Signal: glycoproteins on leukocyte

Receptor: adhesion protein on endothelial cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

3 steps of contact-dependent signaling (using example of leukocyte and endothelial cells)

A
  1. Leukocytes roll along endothelial cells (selectins)
  2. Leukocyte adhere to endothelium (integrins)
  3. Transmigration (leukocyte passes through gap between endothelial cells)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Endocrine signaling molecule is transported via?

A

Circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Neuroendocrine signaling molecule

A

Transported via circulation (similar to endocrine)

Signaling cell is a neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Paracrine signaling

A

Signaling molecule diffuses to nearby cell (heterotypic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Neurotransmitter signaling

A

Signaling molecule is neuron, diffuses to nearby cell (similar to paracrine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Autocrine signaling

A

Signaling cell is target cell, diffuses to nearby cell (similar to paracrine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Anti-duretic hormone (ADH) is the same as?

A

Argenine-vasopressin (AVP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Example of endocrine signaling

A

ADH/AVP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Example of paracrine signaling

Signals:

A

Histamine-induced vasodilation via nitric oxide

Signals: histamine and NO (both are paracrine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is NO?

A

Gaseous signaling molecule which can diffuse through membrane to find its target

19
Q

NO half life

A

Very short (so it must be paracrine)

20
Q

Example of neuronal signaling

A

Acetylcholine in neuromuscular junction for voluntary muscle contraction

21
Q

Endocrine signal reaches ____ cells → ___ concentration is needed

A

Many cells → low concentration needed

22
Q

Synaptic signal reaches ___ cells → ___ concentration is needed

A

Only specific cells → high concentration needed

23
Q

Signaling molecules are very diverse. Name 8 kinds.

A
  1. Proteins
  2. Peptides
  3. FA derivatives
  4. AAs
  5. Cholesterol derivatives
  6. Small molecules
  7. Dissolved gases
  8. Ions
24
Q

Example of protein signaling molecules

A

Surface proteins on endothelial cells

25
Q

Example of peptide signaling molecules

A

Vasopressin

26
Q

Example of FA derivative signaling molecules

A

Prostaglandins

27
Q

Example of AA signaling molecules

A

Glutamate

28
Q

Example of cholesterol derivative signaling molecules

A

Aldosterone

29
Q

Examples of small molecule acting as signaling molecules

A
  1. Acetylcholine

2. Epinephrine

30
Q

Example of dissolved gases as signaling molecules

A

Nitric oxide

31
Q

Example of ions as signaling molecules

A

Ca2+, K+

32
Q

Solubility defines?

A
  1. Body space in which drug is diluted

2. Location of receptors reached

33
Q

Water soluble signaling molecules are predisposed to reach?

A

Extracellular receptors

34
Q

Example of water soluble signaling molecule

A

Epinephrine

35
Q

Lipid soluble signaling molecules travel how?

A
  1. Bound to proteins through blood stream

2. Free hormones

36
Q

Lipid soluble signaling molecules are predisposed to reach?

A

Intracellular receptors

37
Q

Example of lipid soluble signaling molecule

A

Aldosterone

38
Q

Signaling molecules for intracellular receptors and intracellular enzymes must be?

A

Small and hydrophobic

39
Q

Example of signaling molecule for cell-surface receptor

A

ADH/AVP

40
Q

Example of signaling molecule for intracellular receptor

A

Aldosterone for control of [plasma K+]

41
Q

Aldosterone increase?

A

K+ excretion

Na+ and water retention

42
Q

How does aldosterone affect [plasma K+]?

A
  1. Targets kidney collecting duct
  2. Activates genes coding for Na+/K+ ATPase

→ K+ is excreted, Na+ and water is retained

43
Q

Example of signaling molecule for intracellular enzyme

A

Vasodilation via NO

Physiology Exam 4 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions