Lipids Flashcards
What are eruptive xanthomas, and what are they associated with?
They are clusters of erythmatous papules, usually on extensor surfaces, that regress with treatment of hyperTGemia
Associated with TG>3000 mg/dL
*memory: TRI-pod eruption, TRI-glycerides, TRI(#3), TRI-zeors
What are tendon xanthomas, and what are they associated with?
Subcutaneous nodules occurring on the extensor tendons
Associated with familial hyperCHOLESTEROLemia
Is hyper- or hypo-thyroidism associated with hyperlipidemia?
Hypothyroidism. However, usually doesnt cause lipid levels high enough to cause xanthomas
What “buys you a ticket” to high intensity statin therapy?
- Clear atherosclerotic CV disease (SA, UA, NSTEMI, STEMI, revasc, stroke, TIA, PAD)
- LDL >190
- Diabetes + LDL>70
- Risk >7.5% and LDL>70
Who should definitely avoid statins?
- Hemodialysis
- HF stage 2+
Who should take caution with statins?
- Age >75
- On drugs like amiodarone which inhibit p450, so statins stay in system longer
Normal ranges for: Total cholesterol HDL LDL TG
Total cholesterol: 180-200
HDL: 40-60
LDL: 100-130 (lower if dz)
TG: 150-200
Which lipid are fibrates best at lowering?
triglycerides (usually indicated for TG>200)
What is goal LDL for a person with diabetes?
What is the MOA of cholestipol, and what are its effects?
MOA: Interrupts bile acid resorption. Synergistic with statins for inducing LDL receptors. Often messes with other meds.
Effects: Reduce LDL by 10-15%
What is the MOA of ezetimibe, and what are its effects?
MOA: Reduces cholesterol absorption at the intestine
Effects: Reduce LDL (but, not shown to reduce CV risk)
What are the target and adverse effects of niacin?
Target effects: Lowers LDL, increases HDL
Adverses effects: Nausea, flushing, glucose intolerance (bad for diabetics)
