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physics for health sciences > Week 6 > Flashcards

Week 6 Flashcards

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Physics 101 flashcards AP® Physics flashcards
1
Q

Ion

A

an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.

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2
Q

Ionization

A

process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.

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3
Q

Coulomb

A

the SI unit of electric charge, equal to the quantity of electricity conveyed in one second by a current of one ampere.

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4
Q

Insulator

A

a substance or device which does not readily conduct electricit

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5
Q

Conductor

A

a material or device that conducts or transmits heat or electricity, especially when regarded in terms of its capacity to do this.

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6
Q

Semiconductor

A

a solid substance that has a conductivity between that of an insulator and that of most metals, either due to the addition of an impurity or because of temperature effects. Devices made of semiconductors, notably silicon, are essential components of most electronic circuits.

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7
Q

Superconductor

A

a substance capable of becoming superconducting at sufficiently low temperatures.

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8
Q

Grounding

A

connect (an electrical device) with the ground.

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9
Q

Charge Polarization

A

occurs when an electric field distorts the negative cloud of electrons around positive atomic nuclei in a direction opposite the field. This slight separation of charge makes one side of the atom somewhat positive and the opposite side somewhat negative

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10
Q

Electric Dipole

A

separation of positive and negative charges

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11
Q

Electric Field

A

a region around a charged particle or object within which a force would be exerted on other charged particles or objects.

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12
Q

Electrical Potential Energy

A

potential energy (measured in joules) that results from conservative Coulomb forces and is associated with the configuration of a particular set of point charges within a defined system.

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13
Q

Electrical Potential Voltage

A

the difference in electric potential energy between two points per unit electric charge.

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14
Q

Volt

A

the SI unit of electromotive force, the difference of potential that would carry one ampere of current against one ohm resistance.

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15
Q

Potential Difference

A

the difference of electrical potential between two points.

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16
Q

Electromotive Force

A

a difference in potential that tends to give rise to an electric current.

17
Q

Battery

A

a container consisting of one or more cells, in which chemical energy is converted into electricity and used as a source of power.

18
Q

Electric Current

A

a flow of electric charge. In electric circuits this charge is often carried by moving electrons in a wire.

19
Q

Ampere

A

a unit of electric current equal to a flow of one coulomb per second.

20
Q

Ohmic Resistance

A

Materials and components that obey Ohm’s law are described as “ohmic” which means they produce the same value for resistance (R = V/I) regardless of the value of V or I which is applied and whether the applied voltage or current is DC (direct current) of either positive or negative polarity or AC (alternating current).

21
Q

Resistor

A

a device having resistance to the passage of an electric current

22
Q

Ohm

A

the SI unit of electrical resistance, transmitting a current of one ampere when subjected to a potential difference of one volt.

23
Q

Electric Circuit

A

An electric circuit is a path which electrons from a voltage or current source flow. Electric current flows in a closed path called an electric circuit. The point where those electrons enter an electrical circuit is called the “source” of electrons.

24
Q

Outline the principle of conservation of charge

A

A principle stating that the total electric charge of an isolated system remains constant regardless of changes within the system.

25
Q

State Coublomb’s Law for the force between charges

A

F = k x Q1 x Q2 / d^2

F = force 
k = 9.0x10^9 N x m^2/C^2
Q1 = charge of object 1
d = distance between two objects
26
Q

Relate a materials ability to conduct charge to its molecular make up

A

Charge is passed when there is a hole in electrons in the shell of the atom.

27
Q

Outline the Process of charging by contact

A

Charging by conduction involves the contact of a charged object to a neutral object.

28
Q

Outline the process of rearranging charge using induction

A

A body can be charged by placing near a charged body, this is the process of rearranging charges

29
Q

Describe the electric fields around positive and negative point charges

A

The field of a positive point charge points outwards, a negative point charge points inwards.

30
Q

Relate the magnitude of the electric field to the quantities of force and charge

A

Field strength is equal to force over charge. Measured in Newton/Coulomb - N/C

E = F / q

31
Q

Discuss the distribution of net charge on a conductor

A

The net electric charge of a conductor resides entirely on its surface.

32
Q

Differentiate between electrical potential energy and electrical potential,

A

Electric potential is the amount of electric potential energy that a unitary point electric charge would have if located in any point in space and is equal to the work done by an electric field in carrying a unit positive charge from infinity to that point.

33
Q

Explain how electrical charges are moved through a closed circuit

A

The negative electrons are pulled through the circuit to the positive charged side of the power source

34
Q

Outline Ohm’s Law relating current to resistance of a circuit and the voltage applied

A

Resistance = Voltage / Current

R = V / I

35
Q

State Kirchoff’s Law for Voltage in a circuit

A

The sum of all the voltages around the loop is equal to zero.

v1 + v2 + v3 - v4 = 0

36
Q

State Kirchoff’s Law for the current in a circuit

A

The current entering any junction is equal to the current leaving any junction

37
Q

Discuss power supplied and power consumed in electrical circuits

A

The power is all consumed.

physics for health sciences (10 decks)

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