Ach Lab 5-Kidneys & Suprarenal Glands

Question 1

Nephroptosis

Answer 1

Floating/dropped kidney that causes the ureter to become kinked

Question 2

Hydronephrosis

Answer 2

Distension of renal pelvis and calyces caused by an obstruction of the lower urinary tract and a back up or urine into these

Question 3

Where do the kidneys develop?

Answer 3

In the pelvis and they ascend during the 9th week of development

Question 4

Horseshoe kidney

Answer 4

Kidney inferior poles fuse across the midline. Normal ascent is prevented by the inferior mesenteric vessels

Question 5

What is meant by “water under the bridge?”

Answer 5

water being urine in the ureters!

The ureters go underneath the gonadal vessels and uterine vessels

Question 6

What are the 3 places within the ureters that kidney stones can lodge?

Answer 6

1. Where the renal pelvis narrows to form the ureter
2. Pelvic brim
3. Oblique entrance to the bladder

Question 7

By what two mechanisms do the ureters move urine?

Answer 7

Gravity

Peristalsis

Question 8

Which visceral afferents innervate the ureters and allow us to experience “loin to groin” pain?

Answer 8

T11-L2

Question 9

Bifid ureter

Answer 9

2 ureters instead of 1 ureter leaving the kidney! works just fine

Question 10

At what vertebral level is the caval opening in the diaphragm?

Answer 10

T8

Question 11

At what vertebral level is the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm?

Answer 11

T10

Question 12

At what vertebral level is the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm?

Answer 12

T12

Question 13

What is the insertion of the iliopsoas muscle?

Answer 13

Lesser trochanter of femur

Question 14

What structure narrows down to form the thoracic duct?

Answer 14

Cisterna chyli

Question 15

What forms the lumbar plexus?

Answer 15

Ventral rami of L1-L3 and 1/2 of L4

Question 16

When we remove the GI tract, what 2 circulations are we separating?

Answer 16

Portal from systemic

Question 17

What is the medulla of the suprarenal glands derived from?

Answer 17

Neural crest cells

Question 18

Where do the superior suprarenal arteries come from?

Answer 18

Inferior phrenic arteries

Question 19

Where do the middle suprarenal arteries come from?

Answer 19

Aorta

Question 20

Where do the inferior suprarenal arteries come from?

Answer 20

Renal arteries

Question 21

What does the R suprarenal vein drain into?

Answer 21

IVC

Question 22

What does the L suprarenal vein drain into?

Answer 22

Left renal vein

Question 23

What is the vertebral level of the kidneys?

Answer 23

Retroperitoneally at T12-L3

Question 24

What is the “nutcracker” area?

Answer 24

Compression of L renal vein by superior mesenteric artery (it passes under here) and/or abdominal aorta or other viscera or tumors

Question 25

What is a variocele?

Answer 25

Obstruction of the renal vein (usually left) causes a back up of blood down into the left gonadal vein which dilates the pampiniform plexus within the scrotum