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Spinal Final Exam Questions > 10/14 Questions > Flashcards

10/14 Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cranium?

A

the skull minus the mandible

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2
Q

What are the characteristics of sutura notha (false sutures)?

A

sutures lacking interlocking of adjacent bone surfaces; typically formed by endochondral ossification

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3
Q

What is the norma verticalis?

A

the skull viewed from the top

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4
Q

What is the appearance of the intersection of the coronal and sagittal sutures called?

A

bregma

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5
Q

What is the appearance of the intersection of the lambdoid and sagittal sutures called?

A

lambda

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6
Q

What is the diamond shaped remnant of developing membrane bone at the intersection of the frontal bone with both parietal bones?

A

anterior fontanelle

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7
Q

What is the diamond shaped remnant of developing membrane bone at the intersection of the occipital bone with both parietal bones?

A

posterior fontanelle

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8
Q

What is the glabella?

A

elevation of bone over the frontal sinus between the orbits

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9
Q

What is the name to the outline of the nasal cavity at the front of the skull?

A

piriform aperture

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10
Q

What is the name given to the alveolar jugum of the canine tooth in the maxilla?

A

canine eminence

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11
Q

What forms a bullet-like chin?

A

large mental protuberance

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12
Q

What forms an indented chin?

A

well developed bilateral mental tubercles and a slight mental protuberance

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13
Q

What is the tip of the external occipital protuberance called?

A

inion

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14
Q

What points on the skull are used to measure the skull size?

A

nasion, vertex, inion, and gnathion

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15
Q

What points on the skull are used to measure cranial vault capacity?

A

nasion, vertex, and inion

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16
Q

The olfactory nerve exits the cranial vault via what opening?

A

cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone

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17
Q

What bony feature is prominent in the median plane of the middle cranial fossa?

A

sella turcica

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18
Q

What are the contents of the optic canal?

A

optic nerve and ophthalmic artery

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19
Q

What are the contents of the superior orbital fissure?

A

ophthalmic veins, oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve, abducent nerve

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20
Q

What forms the roof of the posterior cranial fossa?

A

tentorium cerebelli

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21
Q

What part of the cerebrum occupies the posterior cranial fossa?

A

none; the tentorium cerebelli seperates the cerebrum into a space aboe the posterior cranial fossa

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22
Q

What part of the central nerve system occupies the posterior cranial fossa?

A

cerebellum, pons, medulla oblongata

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23
Q

What are the contents of the internal acoustic meatus?

A 
CN VII (facial)
CN VIII (auditory)
Nerve of Wrisberg
Vestibular and Conchlear roots VIII
Internal auditory artery and vein
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24
Q

What cranial nerves are located within the jugular foramen?

A

Glossopharyngeal (IX)
Vagus (X)
Spinal accessory (XI)

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25
Q

What can the five layers of the scalp spell?

A 
Skin
Connective tissue
Aponeurosis
Loose connective tissue
Periosteum
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26
Q

What are the principal sources of blood to the scalp?

A

internal and external carotid artery branches

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27
Q

Which divisions of the trigeminal nerve receive sensory information from the scalp?

A

all 3 divisions - ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular nerves

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28
Q

Which mandibular division, trigeminal nerve branch innervates the scalp?

A

auriculotemporal nerve

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29
Q

What type of motor fibers to skeletal muscle are given off by the facial nerve?

A

branchial efferent (BE)

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30
Q

What is the third layer of the scalp associated with?

A

muscular component of the scalp

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31
Q

What muscle(s) are specifically associated with the scalp?

A

frontalis and occipitalis bellies of the epicranius muscle

32
Q

Which muscles lack any attachment to bone?

A

orbicularis oris and procerus and risorius

33
Q

Most of the seventh cranial nerve will exit the skull via what opening?

A

stylomastoid foramen

34
Q

Which divisions of the trigeminal nerve receive sensory information from the face?

A

all 3 divisions: ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular nerves

35
Q

The optic canal is located along which wall of the orbit?

A

superior wall of the orbit

36
Q

What are the contents of the optic canal?

A

optic nerve and ophthalmic artery

37
Q

What is the name given to the medial wall of the orbit?

A

lamina papyracea

38
Q

The superior orbital fissure is located along which wall of the orbit?

A

lateral wall of the orbit

39
Q

What are the contents of the superior orbital fissure?

A

oculomotor nerve
trochlear and abducent nerve ophthalmic division trigeminal
ophthalmic vein

40
Q

What opening(s) are located along the inferior wall of the orbit?

A

inferior orbital fissure

41
Q

What is contained in the inferior orbital fissure?

A

maxillary division of trigeminal nerve

42
Q

What are the layers of the eyelid?

A

skin
orbicularis oculi muscle
tarsal plate
palpebral conjunctiva

43
Q

What are the names given to the modified sebaceous gland in the tarsus of the eyelid?

A

tarsal or Meibomian gland

44
Q

What is the function of the Meibomian gland?

A

produces a thick, hydrophobic substance that prevents tears from overflowing onto the cheeks along the margin of eyelid

45
Q

What is the ciliary gland?

A

modified sebaceous gland at the base of the eyelash

46
Q

What are the names given to the modified sebaceous glands of the palpebra?

A

tarsal gland or Meibomian gland and ciliary gland

47
Q

What is the name given to the union of skin at the eyelid margins?

A

medial palpebral commissure or lateral palpebral commissure

48
Q

What is the name given to the elevation at the medial canthus?

A

lacrimal caruncle

49
Q

What is the crescent-shaped appearance of the conjunctiva at the medial canthus called?

A

plica semilunaris conjunctiva

50
Q

What is the name given to the elevation at the medial margin of the eyelid?

A

superior lacrimal papilla or inferior lacrimal papilla

51
Q

What is the name given to the opening at the lacrimal papilla?

A

lacrimal punctum

52
Q

The lacrimal punctum is continuous with what structure?

A

lacrimal canaliculus

53
Q

The lacrimal gland is an example of what classification of gland?

A

exocrine gland

54
Q

Superior and inferior lacrimal canaliculi drain into what structure?

A

lacrimal sac

55
Q

What is the name of the structure draining the lacrimal sac?

A

nasolacrimal duct

56
Q

The nasolacrimal duct will open into what specific location?

A

inferior nasal meatus of nasal cavity

57
Q

What specific pathways are identified with Visceral Efferent (VE) innervation?

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic motor pathways

58
Q

Which cranial nerves are involved in the Visceral Efferent (VE) parasympathetic pathway to the lacrimal gland?

A

facial and trigeminal (maxillary and ophthalmic divisions/branches)

59
Q

Parasympathetic stimulation of blood vessels in the lacrimal gland will result in what events?

A

vasodilation of blood vessels, increased availability of water to secretory units, thinner or more watery product in lumen

60
Q

Sympathetic stimulation of the lacrimal gland will result in what events?

A

vasoconstriction of blood vessels
limited availability of water to secretory units
more viscous or thicker product formed in glandular lumen

61
Q

What are the names of the layers of the eyeball?

A

fibrous tunic, uveal tract, retina

62
Q

What are the parts of the fibrous tunic of the eyeball?

A

cornea and sclera

63
Q

What are the parts of the vascular tunic of the eyeball?

A

iris, ciliary body, choroid and pupil

64
Q

What are the parts of the uveal tract of the eyeball?

A

iris, ciliary body, choroid, pupil

65
Q

What is the name of the innermost layer of the eyeball?

A

retina

66
Q

What is the function of the rod cell?

A

provide vision in dim light conditions

67
Q

What is the function of the cone cell?

A

provide vision in bright light conditions and mediate color vision

68
Q

What is the most numerous photoreceptor cell?

A

rod cell

69
Q

What are the chambers of the eyeball in front of the lens?

A

anterior chamber and posterior chamber

70
Q

What separates the anterior chamber and posterior chamber in the eyeball?

A

iris

71
Q

What is the location of the anterior chamber of the eyeball?

A

between the cornea and iris

72
Q

What is the location of the posterior chamber of the eyeball?

A

between the iris and lens

73
Q

What is contained in the anterior chamber of the eyeball?

A

aqueous humor

74
Q

What is contained in the posterior chamber of the eyeball?

A

aqueous humor

75
Q

What is the name given to the chamber behind the lens?

A

vitreous chamber

76
Q

What is the location of the vitreous chamber?

A

behind the lens, in front of the retina

77
Q

What fills the vitreous chamber?

A

vitreous body

Spinal Final Exam Questions (15 decks)

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