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Therapeutic Massage, Beck > Chapter 1 History > Flashcards

Chapter 1 History Flashcards

1
Q

Masseuse

A

A female practitioner

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2
Q

Origin of the word Massage

A

Greek - masso, massein

Latin - massa

Arabic - mass’h, mass

Sanskrit - makeh

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3
Q

Douglas graham

A

In America near the end of the nineteenth century, popularized the use of the word massage

From Massachusetts

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4
Q

Johann Georg Mezger

A

Dutch man

The term massage, as well as the common name for the strokes and frictions is generally attributed to him

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5
Q

How long has massage been practiced?

A

Major part of medicine for at least 5,000 years

Important part of western medical traditions for at least 3,000

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6
Q

The Cong Fou of Tao-Tse

A

One of the ancient Chinese books that describes the use of medical plants, exercises, and a system of massage

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7
Q

Anmo or Amma

A

Chinese massage technique

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8
Q

Tui-na

A

A more modern term for Chinese medical massage

Means “push-pull”

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9
Q

Acupressure

A

Derived from acupuncture and is the use of finger pressure and touch on specific points to promote balance

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10
Q

Tsubo

A

Japanese

Are points on the body that are sensitive to pressure applied during shiatsu

The practice of anmo massage entered Japanese around 6th century AD

The points are pressed to affect the circulation of fluids and Ki or Chi

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11
Q

Shiatsu

A

Is a massage technique from Japan in which points of stimulation are pressed to affect the circulation of fluids and Ki

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12
Q

Ayur-Veda

A

Indian and Hindu

Art of life

A sacred book of the Hindus written approximately 1800 BC

Included Massage treatments among its hygienic principles

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13
Q

The laws of manu

A

Indian or Hindu

The laws of man

Defined the duties of everyday life

Diet, bathing, exercise, and tschanpua

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14
Q

Tschanpua

A

Hindu

Massage in the bath

Kneading the extremities, tapotement, frictioning, anointing with perfumes, and cracking the joints of the fingers, toes, and neck

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15
Q

Asclepius

A

God of medicine

Greek priest- physician

Founded the first gymnasium to treat disease and promote health

Combined exercise and massage to create gymnastics

Asclepius’ staff with the entwined serpents

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16
Q

Gymnasium

A

Is a center where exercise and massage are combined to treat disease and promote health

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17
Q

Hippocrates oath

A

Is a code of ethics for physicians

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18
Q

Herodicus

A

Greek physician
of the 5th century BC

Prolonged the lives of many of his patients with diet, exercise, and massage by using beneficial herbs and oils

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19
Q

Masseur

A

Male massage practitioners

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20
Q

Hippocrates

A

Greek 460-380 BC

Pupil of Herodicus
Descendant in the lineage of Ascelpius

Father of medicine

Created the famous code of ethics; Hippocratic Oath

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21
Q

Anatripsis

A

Is the art of rubbing a body part upward

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22
Q

Celsus

A

Roman author

42 BC - 37 AD

Book; De medicina

Considered to be one of the most eminent Roman physicians

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23
Q

Claudius Galen

A

Roman physician

130-200 AD

To the Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius
And to the gladiators. Gained great knowledge

Is said to have discovered that arteries and veins contain blood

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24
Q

William Harvey

A

1578-1657

English physician

Credited with discovering the circulation of the blood in 1628

25
Q

Greek and Roman philosophers, statesman, and historians such as
____, ____, ____, and ____ wrote of the importance of massage and passive and active exercise to the maintenance of a healthy body and mind

A

Cicero, Pliny, Plutarch, and Pluto

26
Q

Julius Caesar

A

Roman general and emperor

100-44 BC

Is said to have demanded his daily massage for the relief of neuralgia and prevention of epileptic attacks

27
Q

Constantine

A

Roman emperor

228-337 AD

Converted to Christianity
Abolished and destroyed the baths and gymnasiums because of wide spread abuses of a sexual nature

28
Q

Rhazes or Razi

A

Islamic Persian philosopher / physician and prolific writer

860-932 AD Arabic

Follower of Hippocrates and Galen

Most important book; an encyclopedia of Arabic, Roman, and Greek medical practices that esteemed the use of exercise, diet, and massage

29
Q

Avicenna

A

Arabic author
980-1037 AD

The most important single book in medical history
Canon of Medicine

Ardent follower of Galen

30
Q

Ambroise Paré

A

French barber-surgeon

1517-1590

One of the founders of modern surgery and inventor of the ligation of arteries

He classified massage movements as;
Gentle, medium, and vigorous frictions and employed flexion, extension, and circumduction of joints

Served as physician to 4 of France’s kings

He is credited with restoring the health of Mary, queen of scots

31
Q

Mercurialis

A

1530-1606 professor of medicine at the university of Padua, Italy

Book; De Arte Gymnastica

32
Q

John Grosvenor

A

English surgeon and practitioner of chirurgy

1742-1823

Emphasized the value of friction in the relief of stiff joints, gout, and rheumatism

33
Q

Chirurgy

A

Healing with the hands

34
Q

Per Henrik Ling

A

Smaaland, Sweden physiologist and fencing master

1776-1839

Known as the father of physical therapy

Created a system of movements called medical gymnastics

1813 established the Royal Swedish central institute of gymnastics. Chartered and financed by the Swedish government

Book; The Ling System; Swedish movements or the movement cure

35
Q

Medicinal gymnastics

A

Gymnastics applied to the treatment of disease consisting of active, duplicated, and passive movements

Active is performed by the patient. Exercise

Passive is performed by the therapists. Range of motion therapy and massage

36
Q

Mathias Roth

A

English physician

Studied under Ling at the Royal central institute

1851 published the first book in English on the Swedish movements

Established the first institute in England to teach Swedish movement and gymnastics and gave private instruction to Charles Fayette Taylor

37
Q

Charles Fayette Taylor

A

New York physician

1858 introduced the methods of Swedish movement and gymnastics to the United States

In the US, the technique became known as the Swedish movement cure

His brother was George Henry Taylor.

38
Q

George Henry Taylor

A

1860 published the first American textbook on the Swedish movement cure and established the Improved Movement Cure Institute in New York City

The Taylor brothers introduced the Swedish cure movement to the US and brought massage more into public and medical acceptance

39
Q

Dr. Johann Mezger

A

Amsterdam, Holland

1839-1909

Credited with modern massage terminology

Established the practice and art of massage as a scientific subject for physicians in the remedial treatment of disease

Founder of scientific massage

The use of the terms effleurage, petrissage, tapotement

40
Q

Douglas O. Graham

A

Boston practitioner and historian of massage

Using Mezger’s terminology, Graham, Benjamin Lee and Charles Mills from Philadelphia published and article in 1874 in US that first used the word Massage

Wrote extensively about the subject from 1874-1925, more than 50 years

A founding member of the American Physical Education Association

41
Q

Dr. Harvey Kellogg

A

1852-1943

Ran the battle creek sanitarium in Battle Creek Michigan and wrote extensively on the benefits of massage and hydrotherapy

1929 published The Art of Massage: a practical manual for the nurse, the student, and the practitioner

Author of numerous magazine articles and the editor of the popular magazine Good Health

42
Q

Albert J Hoffa

A

German physician

1900 published Technik Der Massage

One of the most basic books in the field and contains many of the techniques used in Swedish massage

43
Q

Society of Trained Masseuses

A

England

1894 a group of women formed the Society of Trained Masseuses

1920 the group had grown in members and prestige

Later the society became known as the Chartered Society of Massage and Medical Gymnastics

1964 registered as the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy

44
Q

Dr. Emil Vodder

A

Austrian 1897-1986

Him and his wife Astrid developed a method of gentle, rhythmic massage along the superficial lymphatics that aids in lymphatic system functioning and treats chronic lymphedema

Today this system is wildly known and taught as Dr. Vodder’s Manual Lymph Drainage

45
Q

Elizabeth Dicke

A

German 1884-1952

1940’s developed Bindegewebsmassage, or Connective Tissue Massage

Later popularized in England by Maria
Ebner

46
Q

Dr. James H. Cyriax

A

English orthopedic physician

1905-1985

Credited with popularizing Deep Transverse Friction Massage

47
Q

Connective tissue massage

Or Bindegewebsmassage

A

1940’s Elizabeth Dicke

Is massage directed toward the subcutaneous connective tissue, thought to affect vascular and visceral reflexes related to a variety of pathologies and disabilities

48
Q

Deep transverse friction massage

A

Is massage that broadens the fibrous tissue of muscles, tendons, or ligaments, breaking down unwanted adhesions and restoring mobility to muscles

49
Q

Gertrude beard and Frances Tappan

A

Two American physical therapists who had a major impact on massage therapy in the US.

Tappan’s book; healing massage techniques and Beard’s massage remain as standards in the massage industry

50
Q

Esalen Institute

A

Founded in 1962

Big Sur, California

Became a popular center for the burgeoning human potential movement

Some of the early leaders included; Aldous Huxley, Alan Watts, Abraham Maslow, and Fritz Pearls (father of Gestalt)

Moshe Feldenkrais, Milton Trager, and Ida Rolf taught at Esalen

51
Q

AMTA

A

American Massage Therapy Association

Formed in 1943

The oldest national professional massage association in the US

Established in Chicago

52
Q

Polarity therapy

A

Developed by Randolph Stone (1890-1971)

Uses massage manipulation me derived from Eastern and Western practices

53
Q

Trager method

A

Dr. Milton Trager

Uses movement exercise called mental tics and a massage like, gentle shaking of different parts of the body to eliminate and prevent pent-up tensions

54
Q

Rolfing

A

developed by Dr. Ida Rolf

Aligns the major body segments through manipulations of the fascia or the connective tissue

55
Q

Reflexology

A

Originated with the Chinese

Stimulates particular points on the surface of the body, which in turn affects other areas or organs of the body

Dr. William Fitzgerald is credited with first demonstrating the effects of reflexology in the early 1900s

Eunice Ingham worked for Fitzgerald, and in the 1930s, she systemized the technique that focuses mainly on the hands and feet

56
Q

Touch for health

A

Developed by Dr. John Thie

Purpose is to relieve stress on muscles and internal organs

Is a simplified form of applied kinesiology that involves techniques having both Eastern and Western origins

57
Q

Neuromuscular techniques

A

Originated in Europe around 1940 with the work of osteopaths Drs. Stanley Lief and Boris Chaitow

A groups of techniques that assess and address soft tissue dysfunction by affecting the neurologic mechanisms that control the muscle

58
Q

Craniosacral therapy

A

Developed by Dr. John Upledger

Is a gentle, hands-on method of evaluating and enhancing the functioning of the craniosacral system

Therapeutic Massage, Beck (13 decks)

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