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Anat20006 > Viscera, thoracic wall and diaphragm > Flashcards

Viscera, thoracic wall and diaphragm Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three layers of hollow viscera from inner to outer?

A

Mucosa

Muscularis

Serosa

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2
Q

The ____ is the innermost layer of hollow viscera and may contain folds like rugae to increase surface area

A

Mucosa

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3
Q

The serosa is an external layer which minimises friction against other organs and can be continuous with the ________

A

Mesentry

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4
Q

Constrictions of tubular viscus can occur along its path but are usually at the beginning and end. The end of a hollow viscus is the _____ and _____ can lodge here.

A

Orifice

Calculi

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5
Q

An anatomical sphincter comprises of localised _______ thickenings around the wall of tubular viscus.

A

Muscle

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6
Q

Functional sphincters _____ ____ have localised muscular thickenings of the walls of a tubular viscus.

A

Do not

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7
Q

_____ sphincters can be involuntary or voluntary and the first line of defence are the __________ sphincters

A

Anatomical

Involuntary

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8
Q

Solid viscera tend to be secretory/excretory ______

A

glands

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9
Q

Beneath the serosa, a solid viscus is protected by its ______

A

capsule

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10
Q

Endocrine glands have ____ blood supply

A

rich

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11
Q

Exocrine glands open into ______ viscera

A

hollow

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12
Q

The _____ is both an exocrine and endocrine gland

A

pancreas

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13
Q

The peritoneum is a single membrane of _____ membrane forming two layers that each line the body cavity and viscera

A

Serous

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14
Q

The mesentry is the “stalk” of an organ and contains the ____ structures supplying the viscera

A

neurovascular

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15
Q

While mesentry allow viscera to be mobile, they also endanger the viscera as they are prone to _____

A

torsion

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16
Q

Referred pain arises from convergence of two inputs to the same neurons at a common _______ segment

A

spinal

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17
Q

Paired viscera refer pain to skin on the _____ side

A

same

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18
Q

As unpaired viscera develop in the ______ but migrate away, they refer pain back to there

A

midline

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19
Q
A
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20
Q

The thorax includes 12 ___ and 12 ___ and their intervertebral discs

A

pairs of ribs

thoracic vertebrae

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21
Q

Which are the atypical ribs?

A

1-2, 10-12

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22
Q

The vertebral/posterior end of a rib contains _____ of the features

A

majority

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23
Q

The typical ribs are

A

3-9

24
Q
A
25
Q
A
26
Q
A
27
Q
A
28
Q

The ___ of a typical rib articulates with the ____ facet of the vertebra above, IV disc and the ___ facet of its own vertebra

A

Head

Inferior

Superior

29
Q
A
30
Q

The superior costotransverse ligament joins with the rib tubercle and the vertebral _______ _______

A

transverse process

31
Q

The superior aperture of the thorax is bound by the _______ posteriorly, 1st pair of ribs and _____ _______ laterally and the superior border of the ____

A

Vertebra T1

Costal cartilage

Manubrium

32
Q

The superior aperture is covered by _______ membrane which is open in the centre

A

Suprapleural

33
Q

The inferior aperture is bound by the ____ process and costal margin anteriorly, the ____ ____ laterally and the ____ posteriorly and is covered by the diaphragm

A

xiphoid

11-12th pairs of ribs

Vertebra T12

34
Q

The diaphragm’s central tendon is special in that it does not have any _____ attachments

A

Bony

35
Q

The inferior attachment of the diaphragm are the ___ and the ___ one is longer as the dome is also higher on this side

A

crus

right

36
Q

The right crus extends from L1-L_ whereas the left crus extends from L1-L2 only

A

3

37
Q

The diaphragm attaches at the border of the ____ aperture

A

Inferior

38
Q

The ligaments which arise from posterior abdominal wall muscles which attach the diaphragm to the vertebra are called?

A

Arcuate ligaments

39
Q

The crura attach to the superior ____ vertebrae

A
40
Q

The IVC passes through the diaphragm at ____, the esophagus at ____ and the ____ at T12

A

T8

T10

Aorta

41
Q

The diaphragm is innervated by the left and right _____ nerve

A

Phrenic

42
Q

The holes in the diaphragm are ____ relative to the crura

A

posterior

43
Q

The external intercostal muscle fibre direction is _____ and becomes external intercostal membrane towards the midline

A

inferomedial

44
Q

The internal intercostal muscle fibres run ____ to the external intercostal fibres and point supramedial

A

perpendicular

45
Q

Internal intercostal muscles become internal intercostal membrane ______

A

posteriorly

46
Q

The external intercostal muscle fibres run inferomedially so that when they contract the rib cage is pulled apart for _____ to occur

A

Inspiration

47
Q

Internal intercostal muscles are only recruited during forced _______

A

expiration

48
Q

The innermost intercostal muscles do not have a _____ and well defined layer

A

continuous

49
Q

The neurovascular bundle of the intercostal muscles runs in the _____ _____ or in between the _____ ______ muscles and innermost intercostal muscles

A

intercostal space

internal intercostal

50
Q

For the neurovascular bundle of the intercostal muscles, the artery is always _______ _____ _____

A

in the middle

51
Q

The ____ rami supplies the intercostal muscles and runs in the intercostal space between the innermost and internal intercostal muscles

A

Anterior

52
Q

Lateral branches of the anterior rami of T1-11 supply _____ and ________ of the thorax

A

Skin

Subcutaneous tissue

53
Q

There are 11 paired ______ ________ on both the anterior and posterior thorax

A

Intercostal arteries

54
Q

The internal thoracic aorta is a branch of the aorta and further splits to become the ___________ intercostal arteries

A

Anterior

55
Q

_____ intercostal arteries arise directly from the ____ ____

A

Posterior

Thoracic aorta

56
Q

The upper ribs (1-7) directly articulate with the sternum via their individual costal cartilage. The external intercostal muscles of these ribs control _____ movement of the thorax

A

Anteroposterior

57
Q

The lower ribs (8-10 which articulate via costal cartilage above) and their external intercostal muscles control the ____ dimension of the thoracic cage

A

Lateral

Anat20006 (11 decks)

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