Chapter 10 Vocabulary (Long Definitions)

Question 1

Schism

Answer 1

A formal split within a religious community.

Question 2

Manor

Answer 2

In medieval Europe, a large, self-sufficient landholding consisting of the lord’s residence (manor house, outbuildings, peasant village, and surrounding land.

Question 3

Serf

Answer 3

In medieval Europe, an agricultural laborer legally bound to a lord’s property and obligated to perform set services for the lord.

Question 4

Fief

Answer 4

In medieval Europe, land granted in return for a sworn oath to provide specified military service

Question 5

Vassal

Answer 5

In medieval Europe, a sworn supporter of a king or lord committed to rendering specified military service to that king or lord.

Question 6

Papacy

Answer 6

The central administration of the Roman Catholic Church, of which the pope is the head.

Question 7

Holy Roman Empire

Answer 7

Loose confederation of mostly German states and principalities, headed by an emperor elected by the princes. It lasted form 962 to 1806.

Question 8

Investiture Controversy

Answer 8

Dispute between the popes and the Holy Roman Emperors over who held ultimate authority over bishops in imperial lands.

Question 9

Monasticism

Answer 9

Living in a religious community apart from secular society and adhering to a rule stipulating chastity, obedience, and poverty. It was a prominent element of medieval Christianity and Buddhism. Monasteries were the primary centers of learning and literacy in medieval Europe.

Question 10

Horse collar

Answer 10

Harnessing method that increased the efficiency of horses by shifting the point of traction from the animal’s neck to the shoulders; its adoption favors the spread of horse-drawn plows and vehicles.

Question 11

Crusades (1095-1204)

Answer 11

Armed pilgrimages to the Holy Land by Christians determined to recover Jerusalem from Muslim rule. The Crusades brought an end to western Europe’s centuries of intellectual and cultural isolation.

Question 12

Pilgrimage

Answer 12

Journey to a sacred shrine by Christians seeking to show their piety, fulfill vows, or gain absolution from sins. Other religions also have pilgrimage traditions, such as the Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca and the pilgrimages made by early Chinese Buddhists to India in search of sacred Buddhist writings.