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ppp > Programming > Flashcards

Programming Flashcards

1
Q

Net Area

A

Usable floor space inside faces of enclosing walls; does not include circulation, gen service areas (corridors, lobbies, restrooms, custodial rooms, & other mech services)

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2
Q

Gross Area

A

sum of all bldg areas measured to exterior face of perimeter buildings

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3
Q

% Efficiency

A

ratio of net to gross area; increases as complexity & # of spaces decreases; typically 60-80%

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4
Q

Urban forms Concentric Zone

A

original center; first ring - old housing, factories, warehousing, transportation; 2nd ring: late 19 C & early 20 C suburbs; post WWII ring low density suburbs

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5
Q

Urban forms sector pattern

A

various land uses in pre-shaped wedges radiating from center

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6
Q

Urban forms Multiple Nuclei Pattern

A

several distinct nuclei, similar in purpose & form (shopping centers); similar activities grouped for mutual benefit; long distance similar transport access; activities & land values interelated

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7
Q

Urban forms Finger Plan

A

development along corridors of public/private transport

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8
Q

Urban forms Cluster Form

A

varying centers/clusters of activity; 10,000-100,000; variant: satellite (has regional, civic, cultural & commercial center connected by rapid transit or expressways)

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9
Q

Urban forms Linear

A

cities strung out in continuous line & connected by transport spine

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10
Q

Urban forms Rectilinear

A

system of streets or blocks at 90 degre angles; 2 corridors of intense development intersect at core

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11
Q

Urban forms Radiocentric

A

large circular urban form with radial bands of intense development from core; typical of cities that develop over time

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12
Q

Urban forms Star/Finger

A

radiocentric with open spaces or low agricultural bands or fingers of development; usually gaps become developed because of auto

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13
Q

Ring shaped development

A

linear form surrounding open underdeveloped area

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14
Q

sheet

A

no specific focal points, routes or form (sprawl)

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15
Q

satellite

A

constellation each w/ central core around a major urban center

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16
Q

constellation

A

urban developments of equal size & population close to each other but w/out dominant center

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17
Q

net density

A

ratio of inhabitants to housing land excludes streets (25% of total site)

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18
Q

gross density

A

ratio of inhabitants to total land including streets, local facilities, open spaces (more helpful value)

19
Q

cluster developments

A

densely sited dwellings to allow for open spaces; shorter utility runs & streets; common space may be deeded to public & maintained as public space or coope by residents through association

20
Q

Planned Unit Development (PUD)

A

commercial & industrial, residential; large developments neighborhood town scale; mixed use; phased development

21
Q

Urban Redevelopment/Urban renewal

A

form of PUD; rebuilding in whole or part; mixed use & development

22
Q

New Urbanism

A

humanist approach; pedestrian over auto; traditional over modern; Seaside

23
Q

Kevin Lynch 5 elements for structuring mental images of our environment

A

Paths: routes of circulation, elements arranged on paths; Districts: sections of environment w/ identifying character; Edges: boundaries, terminations, separations; Landmarks: prominent visual features, act as point of reference; Nodes: center of activity, junctions, plaza

24
Q

Demography

A

statistical study of human populations

25
Q

density

A

people / unit area

26
Q

population size

A

actual # of people in given location without regard to density

27
Q

primary social group

A

most intimate greatest variety of social interactions; immediate circle of friends & family, develop emotional perspectives & individuality

28
Q

Secondary social group

A

work/professional group; less intimate, more specialized interactions; contribute & draw from society, enhances personal development & capability, determines self worth

29
Q

Work Groups

A

Primary: resources; Secondary: converts raw materials to usable products; third: manages & services society & industries

30
Q

use network

A

physical pattern of places used for work, residence, recreation

31
Q

time motion studies

A

study factory environment to improve productivity of the individual, alternate tasks to prevent boredom

32
Q

chance encounter

A

more spontaneous contacts researcher has w/ workers, more stimulated mentally, exchange of information and ideas; occurs at movement & public places, decrease when horizontal distance exceeds 200-300’

33
Q

macroclimate

A

dependent on latitude, elevation, proximity to water body, altitude

34
Q

microclimate

A

sun’s path inclined southerly in northern hemisphere, angle between ground surface & direction of sun’s rays greater if ground slopes south than level (agriculture)

35
Q

albedo

A

fraction of radiant energy on surface that is reflected - 0 black surface (absorbs all); 1.0 mirror (reflects all energy); grass: 0.05-0.30 grass

36
Q

conductivity

A

speed heat passes through a material; high metal, low sand & soil

37
Q

moderate microclimate, heat absorbed, relased later

A

low albedo, high conductivity

38
Q

comfortable climatic conditions

A

63-71 in winter; 66-75 in summer, 30-60% RH

39
Q

air movement

A

50-100 pleasant, 100-200 pleasant & noticeable; 200-300 drafty; 300+ unpleasant

40
Q

Noise

A

1-140 (pain); 50-60 dB comfortable, 85dB safety threshold; 30dB recommended for sleep; 30dB higher, has 1000x sound energy, doubling distance between source & receiver, diminishes sound level by 6 dB reduces sound intensity 1/4

41
Q

Programming process

A

20-20,000 cycles/second

41
Q

frequency

A

20-20,000 cycles/second

42
Q

Sf in acre

A

43,560 sf

ppp (3 decks)

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