Quiz on pages 75-80

Question 1

substance present in the largest amount in a solution

Answer 1

solvent

Question 2

components or substances present in smaller amounts

Answer 2

solutes

Question 3

a solution containing small amounts of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide), nutrients, and salts, dissolved in water

Answer 3

intracellular fluid

Question 4

the fluid that continuously bathes the exterior of our cells

Answer 4

interstitial fluid

Question 5

means that a barrier allows some substances to pass through it while excluding others.

Answer 5

selectively permeable

Question 6

what are the two types of passive transport

Answer 6

1. diffusion (membrane transport for all body cell)

2. filtration (usually across capillary walls)

Question 7

process by which molecules (and ions) move away from a region where they are more concentrated (more numerous) to a region where they are less concentrated (fewer of them)

Answer 7

diffusion

Question 8

unnassisted diffusion of solutes through the plasma membrane (or any selectively permeable membrane)

Answer 8

simple diffusion

Question 9

diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane such as the plasma membrane

Answer 9

osmosis

Question 10

provides passage for certain needed substances (notably glucose) that are both lipid-insolable and too large to pass through the membrane pores (substances move down a channel of proteins that act as a carrier (concentration gradient)

Answer 10

facilitated diffusion

Question 11

process by which water and solutes are forced through a membrane (or capillary wall) by fluid (or hydrostatic) pressure.

Answer 11

filtration

Question 12

the gradient used for filtration. pushes the solute containing fluid (filtrate) from the higher-pressure area to the lower-pressure area.

Answer 12

pressure gradient

Question 13

gradient used for passive transport. molecules move down the gradient. The greater the difference in concentration between the two areas, the faster the diffusion.

Answer 13

concentration gradient

Question 14

what is the driving force in diffusion and what makes it go faster and slower?

Answer 14

kinetic energy; size (smaller the faster), temperature(warmer the faster)

Question 15

When will molecules diffuse through the plasma membrane?

Answer 15

• molecules are small enough to ass through the membrane’s pores
• molecules are lipid-soluble
• molecules are assisted by a membrane carrier

Question 16

process that requires a protein carrier that combines specifically and reversible with the substances to be transported across the membrane. The cell uses some of its ATP supply to move substances across the membrane.

Answer 16

active transport

Question 17

protein carriers are also called..

Answer 17

solute pumps

Question 18

simultaneously carries sodium ions (Na+) out of and potassium ions (K+) into the cell. necessary for normal transmissions of impulses by nerve cells

Answer 18

sodium-potassium pump (Na+ —K+)

Question 19

uses ATP to move substances into or out of cells without actually crossing the plasma membrane

Answer 19

vesicular transport

Question 20

what are the two types of vesicular transport

Answer 20

exocytosis and endocytosis

Question 21

moves substances out of cells. cells actively secrete hormones, mucus, and other cell products or eject certain cellular wastes.

Answer 21

exocytosis

Question 22

this is where the product to be released during exocytosis is first “packaged.” It then migrates to the plasma membrane, fuses with it, and then ruptures, spilling the sac contents out of the cell

Answer 22

vesicle

Question 23

ATP-requiring processes that take up, or engulf, extracellular substances by enclosing them in a small membranous vesicle. Once the vesicle is formed, it detaches from the plasma membrane and moves into the cytoplasm (then it will either fuse with a lysosome and be digested or leave by exocytosis)

Answer 23

endocytosis

Question 24

endocytosis is also called this; a term that means “cell-eating”

Answer 24

phagocytosis

Question 25

form of endocytosis; the cel “gulps” droplets of extracellular fluid; cell-drinking. The plasma membrane indents to form a tiny pit, and then its edges fuse around the droplet of extracellular fluid contains dissolved proteins or fats; routine activity for the cell

Answer 25

pinocytosis

Question 26

how is phagocytosis a protective mechanism?

Answer 26

certain white blood cells and other “professional” phagocytes of the body act as scavenger cells that police and protect the body by ingesting bacteria and other foreign debris.

Question 27

main cellular mechanism for taking up specific target molecules. receptor proteins on the plasma membrane bind only with certain substances. Both the receptors and high concentrations of the attached target molecules are internalized in a vesicle and are dealt with.

Answer 27

receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 28

a homogenous mixture of two or more components

Answer 28

solution