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Radiography Fall 2015(2nd Year) > Chapter 4 Radiation Protection > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Radiation Protection Flashcards

1
Q

Biologic damage to the body of the exposed individual caused by exposure to ionizing radiation

A

Somatic damage

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2
Q

Reddening of skin due to radiation

A

Radiodermatitis

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3
Q

The received quantity of radiation that causes diffuse redness over an area of skin after radiation

A

Skin Erythema Dose

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4
Q

A dose of radiation below which an individual has a negligible chance of sustaining specific biologic damage

A

Threshold dose

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5
Q

At one time the internationally accepted unit for measurement of exposure to x-radiation and gamma radiation.
-Fluoroscopic entrance exposure

A

Roentgen

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6
Q

The SI unit of absorbed dose. Energy absorption of 1 joule per kilogram of matter in the irradiated object

A

Gray

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7
Q

The amount of ionizing radiation that may strike an object, such as the human body, when in the vicinity of a radiation source

A

Exposure

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8
Q

The basic unit of electrical charge.. Represents the quantity of electrical charge flowing past a point in a circuit in 1 second when an electrical charge of 1 ampre is used

A

Coulomb

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9
Q

Another SI unit quantity that can be used to express radiation concentration transferred to a point which may be at the surface of a patients or radiographers body—The space in between

A

Air Kerma

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10
Q

Deposition of energy per unit mass in the patient’s body tissue from exposure to ionizing radiation

A

Absorbed dose

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11
Q

Quantity that is important for radiation protection purposes, it begins with EqD and then by incorporating, modifying, or weighting factors, which correspond to the relative degrees of radio sensitivity of various organs and tissues.. Quantity that summarizes the potential for biologic damage to a human from exposure from ionizing radiation

A

Effective Dose

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12
Q

An energy equivalent to transfer of 100 ergs per gram of irradiated dose. Stands for radiation absorbed dose. Used to indicate the amount of radiant energy transferred to an irradiated object by any type of ionizing radiation

A

Rad (indications)

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13
Q

An adjustment multiplier that was used in the calculation of dose equivalent to specify the ability of a dose or any kind of ionizing radiation to cause biologic damage

A

Quality factor

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14
Q

The amount of energy transferred on average by incident radiation to an object per unit of length of track through the object and is expressed in units of KeV/micrometer

A

Linear Energy Transfer

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15
Q

Radiation Quantity used for radiation purposes when person receives exposure from various types of ionizing radiation… Also takes in account the potential variation in biologic harm that is produced by different kinds of radiation

A

equivalent dose

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16
Q

Nonthreshold randomly occurring biologic effects of ionizing radiation such as cancer and genetic abnormalities

A

Stochastic effects

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17
Q

Weighting factor that takes into account the relative harm to each organ and tissue

A

Tissue Weighting Factor

18
Q

Determines the overall harm to biologic components and the risk developing a radiation induced cancer, or for the reproductive organs–The risk of genetic damage

A

Weighting factor

19
Q

Dosimetric quantity implemented for use in radiation protection to describe internal and external dose measurements.. Describes radiation exposure of a population or group from low dose of different sources of ionizing radiation expressed in person-sievert

A

Collective effective dose

20
Q

Know why skin erythema dose is not used today?

A

The dose that caused skin erythema varied from person to person… This was extremely inaccurate

21
Q

When do short term somatic effects appear?

A

Within minutes, hours, days, or weeks after the time if radiation exposure

22
Q

List short term effects

A

Nausea, fatigue, diffuse redness of the skin, hair loss, intestinal disorders, fever, blood disorders, and shedding of the outer layer of skin

23
Q

When do long term effects appear?

A

They appear months or years after exposure

24
Q

List the long term effects

A

Cancer, birth defects, and formation of cataracts

25
Q

REM stands for?

A

Radiation Equivalent Man

26
Q

RAD stands for

A

Radiation Absorbed Dose

27
Q

LET stands for?

A

Linear Energy Transfer

28
Q

What was REM historically known as?

A

Roentgen Equivalent Man

29
Q

What is the unit REM used for?

A

Radiation Quantity

30
Q

What is effective dose based on?

A

Energy deposited in biologic tissue by ionizing radiation

31
Q

WHat two things does effective dose take into account?

A
  • The type of radiation

- The variable sensitivity of the tissues exposed to radiation

32
Q

What quantity does effective dose actually measure?

A

The overall risk arising from the irradiation of biologic tissue and organs

33
Q

What does effective dose take into consideration?

A

The exposure to the entire body

34
Q

Know what replaced REM for radiation protection purposes?

A

Sievert

35
Q

KNow which dose is used to indicate the amount of ionizing radiation to a patient during a radiographic exam

A

Absorbed dose

36
Q

What happens with radiation with a high LET?

A

High LET radiation transfers a large amount of energy into a small area and can therefore do more biologic damage than radiation with a low LET

37
Q

Know the relationship between LET and Quality Factor

A

High LET=High quality factor

38
Q

Know what the probability of occurrence depends on with stochastic effects?

A

Radiation dose, type of radiation, and energy of radiation

39
Q

How to determine EfD (also know formula)

A 
Absorbed dose (D) multiplied by a radiation weighting factor (WR) to obtain EqD and by a tissue weighting factor (WT)
EfD=DxWRxWT
40
Q

Where the dose to the patient is the highest?

A

Entrance Skin Dose

41
Q

Know who benefits from a total effective dose equivalent

A

nuclear medicine technologist and interventional radiologist

Radiography Fall 2015(2nd Year) (20 decks)

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