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Anatomy Written 4 > The Pelvis > Flashcards

The Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

Pelvic Inlet

A

Things going in

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2
Q

Pelvic Outlet

A

Things going out

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3
Q

Greater Pelvis

A

False Pelvis

Basically the entire thing

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4
Q

Lesser Pelvis

A

True Pelvis

The hole inside

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5
Q

Pelvic joints

A

Sacroiliac
Lumbosacral
Sacrococcygeal
Pubic Symphysis

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6
Q

Pelvic ligaments

A

Sacrotuberous - from ischial tuberosity to sacrum

Sacrospinous

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7
Q

Sex differences in Pelvic Inlet

A 
Male = longer with oval at top and point at bottom
Female = broader and shorter, more oval/rounded
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8
Q

Sex differences in Pelvic Outlet

A 
Male = thinner 
Female = same as inlet, rounded and broader
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9
Q

Piriformis

A

Passes through greater sciatic foramen
Posterior muscle
Bed for sacral plexus

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10
Q

Piriformis Origin

A

2nd thru 4th sacral segments, greater sciatic notch and sacrotuberous ligament

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11
Q

Pririformis Insertion

A

Greater trochanter of femur

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12
Q

Piriformis Action

A

Rotates thigh laterally, abducts thigh, holds femur in acetabulum

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13
Q

Piriformis Innervation

A

Anterior rami of S1 and S2

Piriformis nerves

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14
Q

Obturator Internus

A

Passes through lesser sciatic foramen
Lateral muscle
Lined by the obturator intenus membrane
Obturator membrane forms the tendinous arch, medially

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15
Q

Obturator Internus Origin

A

Pelvic surface of ilium and ischium, obturator membrane

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16
Q

Obturator Internus Insertion

A

Greater trochanter of femur

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17
Q

Obturator Internus Action

A

Rotates thigh laterally, holds femur in acetabulum

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18
Q

Obturator Internus Innervation

A

Nerve to obtertor intenus (L5, S1, S2)

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19
Q

Coccygeal Muscle Origin

A

Ischial spine

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20
Q

Coccygeal Muscle Insertion

A

Inferior end of sacrum

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21
Q

Coccygeal Muscle Action

A

Supports pelvic viscera; flexes coccyx

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22
Q

Coccygeal Muscle Innervation

A

Branches of S4 to S5 nerves

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23
Q

Levator Ani Muscles

A

Puborectalis
pubococcygeus
Iliococcygeus

24
Q

Levator Ani Muscles Origin

A

Body of pubis, tendinous arch of levator ani, ischial spine

25
Q

Levator Ani Muscles Insertion

A

Perineal body, coccyx, anococcygeal ligament, walls of prostate, vagina, rectum, anal canal

26
Q

Levator Ani Muscles Action

A

Suports pelvic viscera, resists increases in intra-abdominal pressure

27
Q

Levator Ani Muscles Innervation

A

Nerve to levator ani (S4), inferior rectal nerve, coccygeal plexus

28
Q

Pelvic Nerves

A 
Lumbosacral Trunk (L4, L5)
Obturator Nerve (L2-L4)
Accessory Obturator Nerve (L3, L4)
Sacral Plexus (L4-S4)
29
Q

Sacral Plexus

A 
Sciatic Nerve (L4-S3)
Pudendal Nerve (S2-S4)
Superior Gluteal (L4-S1)
Inferior Gluteal (L5-S2)
30
Q

Sciatic Nerve

A

(L4 to S3) – articular branches to hip joint and muscular branches to flexors of knee and all muscles in leg and foot
 Anterior and posterior divisions
 Exits via the greater sciatic foramen

31
Q

Pudendal Nerve

A

(S2 to S4) – structures n perineum, sensory to genitalia, muscular branches to perineal muscles, sphincter urethrae, and external anal sphincter, wraps around sacrospinal ligament
 Anterior division only
 Exits via greater sciatic foramen
 Enters perineum via lesser sciatic foramen

32
Q

Superior Gluteal Nerve

A

(L4 to S1) – gluteus minimus, gluteus medius, and tensor fascia latae
 Posterior division
 Exits via greater sciatic foramen

33
Q

Inferior Gluteal Nerve

A

(L5 to S2) – Gluteus maximus
 Posterior division
 Exits via greater sciatic foramen

34
Q

Sympathetics

A

actively maintain homeostasis, converge at ganglion impar at the end of the sympathetic trunk
 Arise from T11 to L2 spinal segments
 Pass through sympathetic chain
 Then through lumbar and sacral splanchnic nerves
 Synapse in inferior mesenteric ganglion
 Postsynaptics travel through superior hypogastric plexus, hypogastric nerves, and/or inferior hypogastric plexus
 Follow pelvic arteries to target organs

35
Q

Parasympathetics

A

rest and digest, urination, defecation
 Arise from S2 to S4 (pelvic splanchnics)
 Ascend mainly through inferior and superior hypogastric plexuses
 Follow arteries to target organs
 Synapse in ganglia in organ/gut plexuses
 Reach targets via short postsynaptic fibers

36
Q

Common Iliac splits into

A

Internal and External Iliac

37
Q

Internal Iliac splits into

A

Anterior and Posterior Divisions

38
Q

Anterior Division

A 
Umbilical
Obturator
Inferior Vesicular --> Prostatic
Middle Rectal
Internal Pudendal
Inferior Gluteal 
Uterine --> Vaginal
39
Q

Posterior Division

A

Iliolumbar
Lateral Sacral
Superior Gluteal

40
Q

Urinary System

A

o Functions to transport urine from kidneys to bladder, store urine and excrete urine - micturition

41
Q

Ureters

A

o Male = Ductus deferens rests btw ureters and perineum
o Female = Pass medial to uterine arteries’ origin
o Innervation = autonomic plexus (renal, aortic, superior and inferior hypogastric)

42
Q

Bladder is composed of

A 
Apex
Fundus
Body
Neck
Trigone
Bladder Walls
43
Q

Trigone

A

triangle formed by the two ureteric orifices and the urethral opening

44
Q

Female Urethra

A

 Muscle of bladder neck is continuous with urethra
 The urethra descends anterior to the vagina
 Urine exits via separate external orifice

45
Q

Male Urethra

A

 Muscle of bladder neck is continuous with prostate fibromuscular tissue forming an involuntary internal urethral sphincter which prevents semen from entering the bladder
 Much longer and more complex urethra than in females
 Composed of 4 parts
• Preprostatic
• Prostatic
• Membranous
• Spongy

46
Q

Ovaries

A

glands that house and release ova and hormoens

47
Q

Uterine Tubes

A 
composed of 4 parts (fallopian – where fertilization takes place)
	Isthmus – narrowing
	Ampulla 
	Infundibulum
	Fimbriae – wave the eggs in
48
Q

Uterus

A

Composed of body and cervix

49
Q

Suporting structures of uterus

A

Ovarian ligament
Round ligament
Broad Ligament

50
Q

Vagine

A

a muscular tube from the cervix to the vestuble, found posterior to the urethra and bladder and anterior to the anus and rectum

51
Q

Innervation of Vagina

A

 Compressed by several muscles including the external urethral sphincter and bulbospongiosus muscles
 Innervated by deep perineal branch of pudendal (lower ¼) and autonomics (upper ¼)

52
Q

Seminal Vesciels

A

Ejaculatory ducts, part of semen secrete alkaline element to help it survive environment in female reproductive system

53
Q

Ejaculatory Ducts

A

two, formed by the joining of the seminal vesicle duct and the ductus deferens converging on the seminal colliculus of the prostatic urethra

54
Q

Prostate

A

also helps make food and habitable environment for sperm as they search for egg in reproductive tract of female
• Parasympathetic fibers of the prostatic nerve plexus form the nerves that allow erection of the penis, during prostate removal these fibers are often resected causing impotency

55
Q

Bulbourethral Glands

A

clean tube preejaculation, it is the fluid that comes out before ejaculation, not part of sperm

Anatomy Written 4 (9 decks)

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