Unit2: Chapter7-Ethnicites (vocab)

Question 1

Social Distance

Answer 1

the distance between different groups of society and is opposed to locational distance. The notion includes all differences such as social class, race/ethnicity or sexuality, but also the fact that the different groups do not mix.

Question 2

Forced Segregation

Answer 2

situation in which ethnic or racial groups are separated into different classes; this is done against their will (e.g., US before the 1960 Civil Rights Act (Jim Crow Laws); South Africa before 1994 (Apartheid); also the Hindu caste system).

Question 3

Race

Answer 3

categorization of humans based on skin color and other physical characteristics; based on the idea that some characteristics are more important than others (e.g., skin color over height). Skin pigmentation is caused by melanin, a chemical in the skin.

Question 4

Blockbusting

Answer 4

A process in which real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their properties at a low price under the pretense that black families will soon move into the neighborhood

Question 5

Plural Society

Answer 5

a society combing ethnic contrasts

Question 6

Nationality

Answer 6

Identity with a group of people that share legal, attachment and personal allegiance to a particular place as a result of being born there.

Question 7

Nationalism

Answer 7

Loyalty or devotion to a particular nationality

Question 8

Apparthied

Answer 8

The laws that previously existed in South Africa that physically separated two different races into different geographic areas

Question 9

Balkanization

Answer 9

The process by which a state breaks down through ethnic conflicts

Question 10

Balkanized

Answer 10

The term that applies to a small geographic area that could not be successfully organized into a state(s) due to ethnic conflicts

Question 11

Ethnic Cleansing

Answer 11

A process in which a more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogeneous region

Question 12

Cultural Shatterbelt

Answer 12

areas where diverse languages are spoken

Question 13

Centripetal Force

Answer 13

An attitude or force that unifies citizens of a state and enhances support for the state (e.g. job opportunities)

Question 14

Centrifugal Force

Answer 14

An attitude or force that drives people away from a particular place (e.g. genocide)

Question 15

Multi-Ethnic State

Answer 15

A state that contains more than one ethnicity

Question 16

Ethnic Homeland

Answer 16

a place of origin for a certain ethnicity

Question 17

Ethnic Group

Answer 17

people of the same race or nationality who share a distinctive culture

Question 18

Ethnic Enclave

Answer 18

an area typically situated apart from a more homogenous region (e.g., metropolitan city) and comprised of a local culture that may practice their own culture.

Question 19

Ethnic Conflict

Answer 19

a war between ethnic groups, often as a result of ethnic nationalism

Question 20

Gender Gap

Answer 20

gender refers to social differences between men and women (as opposed to biological differences); women outlive men in the vast majority of countries (exceptions are some states in West and Southern Africa due to the AIDS epidemic, and parts of South Asia due to cultural beliefs of male dominance). Men are more likely to die younger due to comparably worse habits and higher levels of stress.

Question 21

Barrio

Answer 21

The Spanish-speaking quarter of a town or city.

Question 22

Affinity Segregation

Answer 22

process by which people group and live with people more like themselves in terms of culture, ethnicity, or race; this is done by choice, free of outside intervention.

Question 23

Ethnicity

Answer 23

affiliation or identity within a group of people bound by common ancestry and culture; many acts of hostility and wars (ethnic conflict) are fought over ethnonational claims to territory.