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VCF Pharm Unit 3 > Ocular Drugs > Flashcards

Ocular Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Pilocarpine

A
  • Direct muscarinic agonist: pupillary constriction, increased aqueous outflow
  • Glaucoma (open and acute closed angle), cataract surgery
  • Side effects: decreased vision due to miosis and headache (in cataract pts), bronchospasm, SLUDGE
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2
Q

Echothiophate

A
  • Indirect muscarinic agonist: irreversibly binds cholinesterase
  • Glaucoma
  • Side effects: bronchospasm, SLUDGE
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3
Q

Atropine

A
  • Antimuscarinic: pupillary dilation, paralysis of ciliary body
  • Uveitis
  • Side effects: ataxia, nystagmus, restlessness, mental confusion, hallucination, violent and aggressive behavior, insomnia, photophobia, urinary retention
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4
Q

Scopolamine

A

-Antimuscarinic: pupillary dilation, paralysis or ciliary body
-Uveitis
-Side effects:Ataxia, nystagmus, restlessness, mental confusion, hallucination, violent and aggressive behavior, insomnia, photophobia, urinary
retention

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5
Q

Tropicamide

A

-Antimuscarinic: pupillary dilation, paralysis of ciliary body
-Cycloplegia for eye exams
-Side effects:Ataxia, nystagmus, restlessness, mental confusion, hallucination, violent and aggressive behavior, insomnia, photophobia, urinary
retention

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6
Q

Edrophonium

A
  • Nm agonist: destroys Acetylcholinesterase

- Myasthenia gravis dx

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7
Q

Epinephrine

A
  • Direct adrenergic agonist: dilation of episcleral vessels–> increased aqueous outflow
  • Side effects: extrasystoles, palpitation, hypertension, myocardial infarction, trembling, paleness, sweating
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8
Q

Hydroxyamphetamine

A
  • Indirect adrenergic agonist: release NE
  • Separates 1st and 2nd from 3rd order neuron dysfunction in Horner’s syndrome; positive dilation means 1st or 2nd order, an ominous sign
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9
Q

Cocaine

A
  • Indirect actin adrenergic agonist: prevent reuptake of NE

- Use initially to confirm diagnosis of Horner’s syndrome

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10
Q

Phenylephrine

A
  • Direct alpha1-agonist
  • Dilate pupil for eye exam and cataract surgery
  • Side effects: Extrasystoles, palpitation, hypertension, myocardial infarction, trembling, paleness, sweating
  • Cardiac side effects in elderly
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11
Q

Brimondine tartrate

A
  • Direct alpha2 agonist: suppresses aqueous humor production through action of cAMP in non-pigmented ciliary epithelium
  • Primary agent for glaucoma
  • May cause follicular conjunctivitis
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12
Q

Timolol

A

-B blocker: reduce intraocular pressure by reducing aqueous production at the ciliary process
-Second line treatment for glaucoma
-Side effects: Bradycardia, hypotension, syncope, palpitation, congestive heart failure, bronchospasm, mental confusion, depression,
fatigue, lightheadedness, hallucinations, memory impairment, sexual dysfunction, hyperkalemia
-Contraindicated in CHF, asthma

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13
Q

Levobunolol

A

-B2 blocker: reduce intraocular pressure by reducing aqueous production at the ciliary process
-Second line treatment of glaucoma
-Side effects: Bradycardia, hypotension, syncope, palpitation, congestive heart failure, bronchospasm, mental confusion, depression,
fatigue, lightheadedness, hallucinations, memory impairment, sexual dysfunction, hyperkalemia

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14
Q

Betaxolol

A
  • B1 blocker: reduce intraocular pressure by reducing aqueous production at the ciliary process
  • Second line treatment of glaucoma
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15
Q

Latanoprast

A
  • Prostaglandin analog: increase uveoscleral outflow
  • Primary agent for treatment of glaucoma
  • Side effects: eyelash growth, change in iris color, intraocular inflammation
  • May cause cystoid macular edema in cataract surgery and activate herpes
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16
Q

Travoprost

A
  • Prostaglandin analog: increase uveoscleral outflow
  • Primary agent for treatment of glaucoma
  • Side effects: eyelash growth, change in iris color
  • May cause cystoid macular edema in cataract surgery; more effective in African Americans
17
Q

Bimatoprost

A
  • Prostaglandin analog: increase uveoscleral outflow
  • Primary agent for glaucoma
  • Side effects: eyelash growth, change in iris color
  • May cause cystoid macular edema in cataract surgery and activate herpes
18
Q

Unoprostone

A
  • Prostaglandin analog: increase uveoscleral outflow
  • Glaucoma
  • Side effects: Eyelash growth, change in iris color
19
Q

Nifedipine

A
  • Ca channel blocker: increases ocular perfusion at nervehead
  • Low-tension glaucoma
  • Not widely used
20
Q

Dorzolamide HCl

A
  • Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor: reduce aqueous production via interfering with the active transport of Na through Na-K ATPase pump
  • Second line glaucoma
  • Side effects: red eyes, lid allergies
  • Contraindicated in sulfonamide allergies
21
Q

Acetazolamide

A
  • Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor: reduce aqueous production via interfering with the active transport of Na through Na-L ATPase pump
  • Oral agent for advance glaucoma and cataract surgery
  • Side effects: Paresthesia, fatigue, drowsiness, depression, diarrhea, metabolic acidosis, electrolyte changes, anaphylaxis, blood dyscrasias
22
Q

Brinzolamide

A
  • Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor: reduce aqueous production through interfering with active transport of Na through NA-K ATPase pump
  • Second line glaucoma therapy
  • Side effects: red eyes, lid allergies

VCF Pharm Unit 3 (8 decks)

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