Hormones Flashcards
hormone
a chemical released in the blood by a gland. chemical messenger. Lipids and proteins
Endocrine Gland/ tissue
structure that synthesizes hormones. very vascular
receptor
a protein that binds to a hormone specifically with high affinity
paracrine
signal that affects neighboring cells. the target cell must be competent
autocrine
a signal that affects the cell releasing it.
function of the endocrine system in fetal development
differentiation and development of reproductive system and CNS
function of the endocrine system in fetal childhood
stimulates sequential growth and development. plays a major role in puberty
function of the endocrine system in fetal reproduction
coordination
function of the endocrine system in physiological stresses (description and examples)
initiation/ adaptation. plays a role in anything that activates the hypothalamus, pituitary, or target glands.
Ex: infection, trauma, surgery, altitude
function of the endocrine system in homeostasis
helps to regulate environment in the body. very important
timescale of biological responses to hormones
varies. Seconds-Ions. Minutes- metabolic pathway. Hours- transcription/ translation. Days- Full Genomic effect
genomic response
stimulation of transcription and translation. turns on synthesis of proteins
nongenomic response
does not include transcription/ translation. doesn’t take very long. Involves a change in ions/ metabolic pathway
Name the 3 classes of hormones
hormones synthesized from amino acids, peptide/protein hormones. steroid hormones.
Hormones synthesized from amino acids (give the 2 types and examples of each)
tryrosine and trypophan.
Tyrosines: dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, thyroid hormone.
Trypophan: serotonin
Peptide/ protein hormones (synthesis and action)
Synthesis: preprohornome, prohormone, stored in vesicle, secretion.
Mechanisms of action:
variety of transduction mechanisms.
Endoplasmic reticulum
starts synthesis
golgi apparatus
modifies proteins and sends them to their destination
steroid hormones
common precursor synthesized from cholesterol.
functions of cholesterol
steriod hormone.
cell membrane particle.
membrane function.
name 3 gonadal hormones
androgens, estrogens, progestins.
androgens (description and location it is stored)
gonadal hormones found in males and females, though more in the male.
Storage: adrenal cortex