4.4-4.7 vocab (boundaries)

Question 1

Political boundaries

Answer 1

divisions of governance between states & within them that reflect balances of power that have been negotiated or imposed

Question 2

3 types of boundaries

Answer 2

cultural boundary, geometric boundary, physical boundary

Question 3

cultural boundary

Answer 3

a boundary based on, divisions of ethnicity, religion, or language

Question 4

geometric boundary

Answer 4

Political boundaries that are defined and delimited by straight lines (may also be superimposed and/or antecedent)

Question 5

Physical boundary

Answer 5

a boundary formed by a geographic feature such as a river, mountain range, or desert

Question 6

relic boundary

Answer 6

a former boundary line that is still discernible & marked by some cultural landscape features

Question 7

superimposed boundary

Answer 7

a boundary line placed by an outside power, that is placed over & ignoring an existing cultural pattern

Question 8

antecedent boundary

Answer 8

a boundary line established before the area in question is well populated

Question 9

subsequent boundary

Answer 9

a boundary line that is established after the area in question has been settled & that considers the cultural characteristics of the bounded area

Question 10

consequent boundary

Answer 10

a type of subsequent boundary that is intentionally drawn to accommodate cultural differences, such as ethnicity, religion, or language

Question 11

purpose of boundaries

Answer 11

to show the limits of political power

Question 12

territoriality

Answer 12

what boundaries define & enforce

Question 13

defined boundary

Answer 13

a boundary established by a legal document, such as a treaty

Question 14

demilitarized zone

Answer 14

a region where no military forces or weapons are permited

Question 15

delimited boundary

Answer 15

a line drawn on a map to show the limits of a space

Question 16

types of boundary disputes

Answer 16

definitional (positional), locational (territorial), operational (functional), alloctional (resource)

Question 17

jurisdiction

Answer 17

an area of authority or control

Question 18

demarcated boundary

Answer 18

a boundary identifies by physical objects places on the landscape, such as a sign, wall, or fence (build a wall!!!)

Question 19

packing

Answer 19

concentrating partisan voters in a single district in order to maximize the # of representatives that can be elected by the opposition in other districts

Question 20

UNCLOS

Answer 20

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea: a code of maritime law approved by the UN in 1982 that authorizes, among other provisions, territorial waters extending 12 nautical miles from shore and 200 nautical mile wide exclusive economic zones. (established 1956)

Question 21

operation/functional boundary dispute

Answer 21

disagreement over policies to be applied along a boundary, such as immigration or land use

Question 22

location/territorial boundary dispute

Answer 22

conflict between states or regions over the ownership of a given area

Question 23

definitional/positional boundary dispute

Answer 23

conflict over the interpretation of a boundary agreement

Question 24

contagious zone

Answer 24

an negotiator zone between the territorial waters and the high seas. It extends 12-24 miles out from the coast. States have the right to enforces violations of customs, immigration, or sanitary laws in that zone

Question 25

cracking

Answer 25

dividing an opponent's voters into other districts to weaken the opponent's voters base

Question 26

census

Answer 26

the official count of a population. The U.S conducts a full cencus every 10 years for the purpose of determining house districts

Question 27

South China Sea

Answer 27

an area of nautical territorial conflict between China, Vietnam, the Philippines, and Malaysia (also Taiwan)

Question 28

census tracking

Answer 28

An area delineated by the U.S. Bureau of the Census for which statistics are published; in urbanized areas, census tracts correspond roughly to neighborhoods.

Question 29

incumbent

Answer 29

a current officeholder

Question 30

majority-minority districts

Answer 30

Drawing district boundaries to give a minority group (such as African America, Hispanic, etc) a majority in that district

Question 31

international waters

Answer 31

nautical areas where all states have freedoms of navigation and overflight. In general, that means that ships of any country can transit in that area or airspace (generally begin 12 miles from the coast)

Question 32

Gerrymandering

Answer 32

the process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the party in power

Question 33

Spratly islands

Answer 33

a disputed group of more than 750 reefs, islets, atolls, cays and islands in the South China Sea. The archipelago lies off the coasts of the Philippines, Malaysia, and southern Vietnam.

Question 34

territorial waters

Answer 34

the waters near states' shores generally treated as part of national territory (12 mile limit)

Question 35

high seas / open ocean

Answer 35

200 miles and out. All resources are shared and no country has jurisdiction. (resource use can still be regulated by treaty)

Question 35

high seas / open ocean

Answer 35

200 miles and out. All resources are shared and no country has jurisdiction. (resource use can still be regulated by treaty)

Question 36

exclusive economic zone

Answer 36

area in which ocean resources belong exclusively to the geographically bordering state (generally within 200 miles of the coast)

Question 37

reapportionment

Answer 37

the process of reassigning representation based on population, after every census

Question 38

salamander

Answer 38

an amphibian that looks like a lizard

Question 38

salamander

Answer 38

an amphibian that looks like a lizard

Question 39

redistricting

Answer 39

The redrawing of congressional and other legislative district lines following the census, to accommodate population shifts and keep districts as equal as possible in population.

Question 40

redistricting

Answer 40

The redrawing of congressional and other legislative district lines following the census, to accommodate population shifts and keep districts as equal as possible in population.

Question 41

origin of gerrymandering

Answer 41

the word comes from a combination of a name of a Massachusetts governor & the salamander-like shape of the district he drew

Question 42

Allocational/resource boundary dispute

Answer 42

dispute over natural resource that occurs on or at the boundary

Question 43

Cracking and Packing

Answer 43

techniques used to redraw electoral boundaries to favor one political party over another