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as physics module 4 > 4.4 waves > Flashcards

4.4 waves Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

coherence

A

two waves with a constant phase relationship

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2
Q

amplitude

A

the maximum displacement of a wave from its rest position,

metres (m).

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3
Q

displacement (wave)

A

the distance moved by a particle from its rest position

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4
Q

electromagnetic wave

A

a self- spreading transverse wave that does not require a medium to travel through

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5
Q

first harmonic

A

in the fundamental mode of vibration, the length of the string is half the wavelength.

this produces the lowest possible frequency called the first harmonic

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6
Q

frequency, f

A

the number of oscillations passing a point per second

1/period

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7
Q

fundamental frequency

A

the lowest frequency in a harmonic series where a stationary wave forms

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8
Q

progressive wave

A

waves that transfers energy away from a source

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9
Q

longitudinal wave

A

vibrations are parallel to the direction of energy transfer

have the direction of oscillation of particles parallel to the direction of the wave.

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10
Q

transverse wave

A

vibrations are perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer

have the direction of oscillation of particles perpendicular to the direction of travel of the wave.

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11
Q

wavelength

A

the distance between two identical points on consecutive waves

(metres,m)

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12
Q

period

A

the time taken by the wave to complete one full oscillation

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13
Q

coherent sources

A

two waves have a constant phase difference

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14
Q

What do all EM waves have in common?

A

travel through a vacuum

possess both a magnetic wave and an electrical wave interlocked and at right angles to each other

travel at the speed of light

transverse waves

reflected, refracted and diffracted

demonstrate interference

be polarised

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15
Q

plane-polarised wave

A

oscillations of the field and the direction of travel are confined to a single plane

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16
Q

polarising filter

A

produces plane-polarised light by selective absorption of one component of the incident oscillations-

the filter transmits only the component of light polarised perpendicular to that direction

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17
Q

speed of a wave

A

frequency x wavelength

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18
Q

phase

A

a measure of how far through an oscillation a point is

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19
Q

phase difference

A

the proportion of a cycle by which two waves are out of synch

(radians)

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20
Q

wave speed

Study These Flashcards
A

the rate at which a wave spreads through a medium
speed= wavelength/time perio
speed= frequency x wavelength

21
Q

frequency formula

Study These Flashcards
A

frequency = 1/period

22
Q

wave speed formulas

Study These Flashcards
A

wave speed = wavelength/period

wave speed= wavelength x frequency

23
Q

reflection

Study These Flashcards
A

angle of incidence= angle of refraction

when a wave rebounds from a barrier, changing direction but remaining in the same medium

24
Q

refraction

Study These Flashcards
A

the changing of direction of a wave as it enters a different medium due to a change in speed.

The light enters glass from air, the speed decreases which causes the direction to change.

25
diffraction
the spreading out of a wave when a it passes a gap or obstacle occurs when the wavelength about the same size as the gap As a wave passes a gap, the wave will spread outwards. If there is a small gap, a more rounder wave is produced. (This is due to less point sources interfering).
26
radio waves
10^6 to 10^1 communication
27
Microwaves
10^-1 to 10^-3 Communication, cooking
28
Infrared
10^-3 to 700nm Remotes, thermal imaging, heaters
29
Visible light
700nm to 400nm Sight
30
Ultraviolet
400nm to 10^-8 Sun tanning, counterfeit detection
31
X-rays
10^-8 to 10^-13 Security, bone imaging
32
Gamma rays
10^-10 to 10^-16 Sterilisation, cancer treatment
33
common electromagnetic feature
All electromagnetic waves travel at c (speed of light), 3×10^8 ms^-1 through a vacuum.
34
differences and similarities between different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum
All travel at c (speed of light) through a vacuum All consist of electric fields perpendicular to magnetic fields All can be described as photons They have different frequencies They have different wavelengths
35
characteristics and dangers of UV-A, UV-B and UV-C radiations
UV-A has the longest wavelength of the UV region. The photons carry the least energy so pose the least danger, over exposure can lead to sunburns UV-B has photons with higher energies which pose a higher risk and can cause skin cancer. UV-C has the shortest wavelength and highest energy. However, the Ozone layer in the atmosphere prevents UV-C from penetrating.
36
role of sunscreen
used to absorb or reflect the UV radiation to prevent the radiation reaching the skin
37
stationary wave
formed whenever two progressive waves of same amplitude and wavelength travel in opposite directions and superimpose
38
difference between progressive and stationary waves
Progressive waves carry energy from one point to another whereas a stationary wave is where this energy is stored within the wave rather than transmitted.
39
difference between progressive and stationary waves
Both progressive waves and stationary waves cause a displacement in the medium
40
Nodes
points on a stationary wave where there is no displacement of the particles at any time.
41
Antinodes
points on a stationary wave where there is maximum displacement at any time for the particles.
42
The distance between two adjacent nodes
λ/2
43
The distance between an adjacent node and antinode
λ/4
44
Fundamental mode of vibration
The lowest frequency in a harmonic series where the stationary wave forms.
45
Harmonics
Integer number of the fundamental frequency of a stationary wave.
46
total internal reflection
when light travels from a material of a higher refractive index to one of a lower refractive index both refraction and a weak reflected ray occur
47
superposition
when two or more waves of the same type meet, the resultant wave can be found by adding the displacements of the individual waves they will overlap and interfere
48
constructive interference
when waves meet in phase
49
destructive interference
when waves arrive at a point completely out of phase

as physics module 4 (5 decks)

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