4.4.15 Varho & Huutoniemi

Question 1

ontology

Answer 1

the part of philosophy that studies what it means to exist
First, ‘ontological complexity’ (see Emmeche 2004)
refers to the way climate change, for example, results from a complex set of interactions within a socio-ecological system, composed of subsystems and
internal variables and connected to various other socio-ecological systems (see Ostrom 2009).
هستی شناسی

Question 2

dynamic

Answer 2

forces that produce movement
forces or processes that produce change inside a group or system
Climate change research is complicated even if, in practice, it cannot encompass the dynamics of the whole socio-ecological system but operates from a particular frame of reference and usually on a smaller scale in
terms of time, location, or theme.

Question 3

presupposition

Answer 3

something that you believe is true without having any proof

Instead, there are many definitions, and each definition seems to carry a presupposition of a solution.

Question 4

deliberation

Answer 4

formal considering or discussing something

This complexity suggests that a multifaceted approach and deliberation of alternative views is needed.

Question 5

temporal

Answer 5

formal relating to practical matters or physical things, rather than spiritual ones
Uncertainties compound when we introduce the temporal dimension and consider the future possibilities of the system components.

Question 6

compound

Answer 6

[T often passive] to make a problem or difficult situation worse
Uncertainties compound when we introduce the temporal dimension and consider the future possibilities of the system components.

Question 7

heuristic

Answer 7

(of a method of teaching) allowing students to learn by discovering things themselves and learning from their own experiences rather than by telling them things
In this chapter, we discuss an approach widely used in futures studies, expert deliberation, as a heuristic for envisioning solutions in the face of complexity.

Question 8

apparatus

Answer 8

[U or C] a set of equipment or tools or a machine that is used for a particular purpose
Instead of trying to analyze a number of factors and trends by using a complicated theoretical apparatus, a researcher can tap into individual experts’ ability to process complex information partly through intuition.

Question 9

esoteric

Answer 9

very unusual and understood or liked by only a small number of people, especially those with special knowledge
He has an esoteric collection of old toys and games.
disapproving or humorous She has a somewhat esoteric taste in clothes.

Question 10

tacit

Answer 10

understood without being expressed directly
tacit agreement/approval/support
Collins (2013) discusses three dimensions of expertise: ‘esotericity’, ‘accomplishment’ and ‘exposure to tacit knowledge of a domain’.

Question 11

immerse

Answer 11

to become completely involved in something
Being immersed in a subculture gives a person the ability to see and interpret the world in ways that are not obvious to others.