Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

anatomy week 11 bt > Pelvis I > Flashcards

Pelvis I Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pelvic girdle held together posteriorly?

A

the sacroiliac joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What two spaces are separated by the linea terminalis?

A

False (greater pelvis)

True (lesser pelvis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the linea terminalis circumscribe?

A

Sacral Promontory (S1)
arcuate lines of the ilium
pectinal lines of the pubis
pubic symphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What marks the inlet of the true pelvis/pelvic brim/superior pelvic aperture?

A

Linea Terminalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What makes up the pelvic outlet?

A

inferior margin of the pubic symphysis
inferior pubic rami
sacrotuberous ligaments
tip of coccyx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What marks the lateral boundaries of the false pelvis?

A

Iliac fossa

Note: this is really part of the abdominal cavity proper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What gender has a pelvis with the following features:

  • Circular pelvic inlet
  • angle of pubic arch wider than 80-85º
  • Ischial spines that don’t project as far into the pelvic cavity
  • Thinner, less massive bones of pelvic girdle
A

Female

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are some features of the male pelvis?

A
  • Heart shaped pelvic inlet

- angle of pubic arch less than 50-60º

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the smallest anterior to posterior space the babies head must pass through when giving birth?
- How is this space measured?

A
  • True (obstetrical) conjugate

- Sacral Promontory to Pubic Symphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What prevents the true (obstetrical) conjugate from being measured in a pelvic exam?

A
  • The urinary bladder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A palpates the sacral promontory with the tip of her middle finger and usd the other hand to mark the inferior margin of the pubic symphysis, what is the measuring?

A

Diagonal Conjugate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What size of true conjugate ensure safe delivery?

A

11cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How is true conjugate found if it can’t be directly measured?

A
  • After finding the distance of the diagonal conjugate using the middle finger, the true conjugate is estimated as the distance from the inferior pubic symphysis to the INDEX finger
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why would you measure the interspinous distance on a woman?

A
  • its the narrowest part of the pelvic canal from side to side
  • Measured between L and R ischial spines
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How wide should the interspinous distance be for safe delivery?

A

should be able to stick in 3 fingers side by side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

T or F: obstetric distance and interspinous distance may change in response to hormones during pregnancy.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What bones form the walls of the true pelvis?

A
  1. Sacrum
  2. Coccyx
  3. Pubis
  4. Inferior aspect of the ischium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What structures make up the anterior wall of the true pelvis?

A
  • pubic symphysis
  • body of pubic bone
  • superior ramus of the pubic bone
  • ischiopubic ramus

(mostly pubis w/ a little ischium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the bony framework of the posterior wall of the true pelvis?

A
  • Sacrum

- coccyx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the framework of the lateral walls of the true pelvis?

A
  • pubis
  • ischium
  • Greater Sciatic Foramen
  • Lesser Sciatic Foramen
  • Obturator Foramina
  • *Think about nn. and vessels going through here
  • obturator membrane
  • sacrotuberous
  • sacrospinous ligaments
  • Piriformis
  • obturator internus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Pirifomis

  • origin
  • insertion
  • innervation
  • action
A

Origin - Pelvic surface of sacrum

Insertion - Greater trochanter or femur

action - lateral rotation

Innervation - n. to piriformis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Obturator internus

  • origin
  • insertion
  • innervation
  • action
A

Origin - Internal aspect of the obturator foramen and membrane

Insertion - Greater trochanter of the femur

Action - lateral rotation

Innervation - n. to the obturator int.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What forms the funnel-like pelvic floor?

A

Pelvic diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Levator Ani

  • origin
  • insertion
  • innervation
A

Origin - Pubis, tendinous arch of the levator ani, ischial spine

Insertion - midline connective tissue raphe

Innervation - inferior rectal n. and branches from S4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Coccygeus

  • origin
  • insertion
  • innervation
A

Origin - Ischial Spine

Insertion - Sacrum and coccyx

Innervation - Direct braches from s3 and s4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the two functions of the pelvic diaphragm?

A
  1. Support of Pelvic Viscera

2. Keeping the rectum and vagina closed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

T or F: both men and women have structures that pass through the pelvic diaphragm.

A

True, these are the urethra and anal canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What structure passes through the pelvic diaphragm in females?

A

Urethra
Anal Canal
Vagina (clearly nothing comparable to this in males)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How do structures pass through the diaphragm to enter the deep perineum?

A

Urogenital Hiatus

Anal Hiatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the extremely important relationship between obturator internus the levator ani?

A

Obturator internus is BISECTED by the origin of Levator Ani from the Tendinous arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What muscle has fibers both in the pelvis and perineum?

A

Obturator internus - its bisected by the structure that divides the two cavities (levator ani)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What spaces does the true pelvis communicate with?

A

Superiorly - abdomen

Laterally (and dorsally) - Lower limb and gluteal region via Greater sciatic foramen and obturator canal

Anteriorly - communicates with the perineum via a gap in the perineal membrane just posterior to the pubic symphysis and urogenital hiatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What communicates via obturator canal, and what is contained in it?

A
  • Pelvis to medial compartment of the thigh

- Passageway for obturator nn. and vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What allows communication of the pelvis with the gluteal region?

A

Greater sciatic foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What two areas communicate via the lesser sciatic foramen?

A

Gluteal region to PERINEUM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is the relationship between the pelvic diagphragm and the lesser sciatic foramen.

A

The lesser sciatic foramen is below

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What passes through the anterior gap in the gap in the perineal membrane?

A

Dorsal vein of the Penis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is the only direct communication between perineum and pelvis?

A

Anterior gap in perineal membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is the boundary between the abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity?

A

Inferior Parietal Peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Can parietal peritoneum be found on the pelvic floor?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

The bladder lies anterioly and the rectum lies posterioly to what structure?

A

The uterus in the femal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What is the draping of peritoneum spanning between rectum and bladder called?

A

Rectovesical Pouch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Where is the vesicouterine pouch located?

A

Between the bladder and uterus

*This is made by parietal peritoneum

44
Q

Where is the rectouterine pouch (POUCH OF DOUGLAS) located?

A

Between the rectum and uterus

*This is made by parietal peritoneum

45
Q

What is the importance of the POUCH OF DOUGLAS?

A
  1. Collection site for fluids and infection
  2. Risk of perforation in cystoscopic procedures using the vaginal approach
  3. Most common site for ectopic pregnancy
46
Q

What is the mesentery of the uterus?

A

Broad ligament

47
Q

Where does the rectum begin?

A

-Begins at S3

48
Q

When does the rectum become the anal canal?

A

As it pierces the pelvic floor

49
Q

If you put your fingers in the rectum and press posteriorly, what would you be feeling?

A

sacrum

50
Q

What is formed by the expansion of the lower part of the rectum?

A

Rectal Ampulla

51
Q

What is the function of the rectal ampulla?

A
  • Serves as a reservoir for fecal matter, allowing us to maintain fecal continence
52
Q

What is the perineal flexure and what maintains it?

A
  • At 90º flexure of the rectum
  • The levator ani (puborectalis) of the pelvic floor

*Note: this muscle must be relaxed for defecation

53
Q

What 3 muscles allow for rectal continence?

A
  • puborectalis (of levator ani) to maintain the 90º flexure

- internal and external anal sphincters

54
Q

What do the anal columns overlie?

A

The terminal branches of the superior rectal VIENS

55
Q

What do the anal valves overlie?

A

Communicating veins

56
Q

How is the ano-rectal junction demarcated?

A

by the upper border of the anal columns

57
Q

How is the pectinate junction demarcated?

A

by the imaginary lines connecting anal valves

58
Q

What embryological feature was positioned at the pectinate line?

A

Anal membrane

59
Q

What is the anal pecten?

A
  • Transition zone inferior to pectinate line

- Stratified squamous epithelium

60
Q

What two zones are separated by the white line?

A
  • Separates cutaneous and transitional zones
61
Q

Describe the following features above the pectinate line:

  • Mucosa
  • Innervation
  • Blood Supply
  • Lymph Drainage
A

Mucosa:
endoderm

Innervation: Autonomic - HYPOGASTRIC PLEXUS
Sympathetic - Lumbar Splanchnics L1-L2
Parasympathetic - Pelvic Splanchanics S2-S4

Blood Supply:
Superior Rectal branches of IMA - PORTAL

Lymph Drainage:
Internal Iliac nodes

62
Q

Describe the following features below the pectinate line:

  • Mucosa
  • Innervation
  • Blood Supply
  • Lymph Drainage
A

Mucosa:
ectoderm

Innervation:
Somatic - inf. rectal n. via pudendal n.

Blood Supply:
Middle and Inferior rectal - CAVAL

Lymph Drainage:
Superficial inguinal nodes

63
Q

What is the difference between hemorrhoids above and below the pectinate line?

A
  • Above is not painful and below is

- above is related to INTERNAL venous plexus, below is EXTERNAL venous plexus

64
Q

What extends anterioly from the bladder?

A

Urachus - remnant of fetal allantois

65
Q

What enters the bladder posteriorly?

A

Ureters

66
Q

What muscles lie laterally to the bladder?

A

Obturator internus

Levator Ani

67
Q

What part of the bladder is fixed?

- ligaments involved?

A 
The neck 
Pubovesical ligaments (females)
Puboprostatic ligaments (males)
68
Q

Where is the prostate gland in relation to the bladder?

A

Immediately Inferior

69
Q

What space exists between the pubic bones and the apex of the bladder?

A

retropubic space (of Retzius) - can be used to retrieve urine via cystoscope

70
Q

What is the trigone of the bladder?

A
  • Smooth mucosal layer of the bladder
  • At the top L and R corners ureters enter
  • at the bottom the urethra begins at INTERNAL URETHRAL SPINCTER
71
Q

What muscle contracts to allow you pee?

A

Detrusor Muscle

72
Q

Describe the nerve activity during the filling phase of the bladder.

A

Detrusor Relaxed
Internal Urethral Sphincter Flexed

**sympathetic fibers from lumbar splanchnics L1-L4 are active causing flexion of sphincter

73
Q

Desribe the nerve activity of the emptying phase of the bladder.

A

Detrusor Flexed
Internal Urethra Sphincter Relaxed

**Paraympathetic pelvic splanchnics S2-S4 are active in Detusor contraction and sphincter relaxation

74
Q

What crosses the ureter “water under the bridge” in males and females.

A

Males: Vas Deferens = bridge

Females: Cardinal liagment containing uterine artery = bridge

75
Q

What are 3 sites where a kidney stone might get lodged?

A

Superior –> Inferior

  • Passing over pelvic brim
  • piercing bladder
  • Junction of ureter and renal pelvis
76
Q

Describe the course of the urethra in females.

A

From bladder to Vaginal Vestibule

  • Pelvic Diaphragm
  • UG Diaphragm
  • Superficial Space of Perineum
77
Q

Describe the course of the urethra in males.

A

Bladder to External orifice

  • Prostate Gland (PROSTATIC PT)
  • UG diaphragm (MEMBRANOUS PT)
  • Bulb of Penis (SPONGY PT)
  • Corpus Spongiosum (SPONGY PT)
78
Q

What are the two angles of the penis, which one is fixed?

A
  1. Anterior bend after passing through UG into bulb (FIXED)

2. inferior bend where unattached flacid penis is flopped over

79
Q

What 3 things open into the prostatic urethra in males?

A
  • Ejaculatory Ducts
  • Prostatic Ducts
  • Prostatic Utricle
80
Q

What marks the lumen of the prostatic urethra?

A

Urethral Crest

NOTE: there are depressions on either side = SINUSES

81
Q

What is the seminal colliculus and what opens here and on either side?

A
  • Circular elevation of the urethral crest
  • Prostatic Utricle opens on top (male vagina)
  • Ejaculatory ducts open on either side
82
Q

Where are Cowper’s glands located in relation to the prostate?

A

Below, inside the deep space of the UG triangle

83
Q

T or F: the vulva is a collective term for the external female genitalia

A

True

84
Q

What is the job of the broad ligament?

A

To keep the uterus properly positioned

85
Q

What are the 3 parts of the broad ligament and what do they span?

A

Mesometrium - lateral pelvic wall and BODY OF THE UTERUS

Mesovarium - Ovary and Mesometrium

Mesosalpinx - Uterine tube to mesometrium

86
Q

What is the superior extension of the mesovarium?

A
  • suspensory ligament
87
Q

T or F: the round ligament and ligament of the ovary are enclosed in the broad ligament.

A

True

88
Q

What part of the uterus lies above the uterine tubes?

A

The fundus

89
Q

What are the uterine and vaginal openings to the cervical canal?

A

internal os - uterine

external os - vaginal

90
Q

What part of the cervix projects into the vaginal canal and what does this form?

A
  • Infravaginal portion

- Forms the Fornices

91
Q

What is the Lowest point of the abdominopelvic cavity in a supine patient?

A

Pouch of Douglas

92
Q

During a procedure the physician accidentally pierces the area posterior to the posterior fornix, what area did he penetrate into?

A

Pouch of Douglas

93
Q

What forms the angle of ANTEVERSION?

A

Axis of Vagina and Axis of Cervix

(V for Vagina and anteVersion)

Normally 100-110º

94
Q

What forms the angle of ANTEFLEXION?

A

Axis of Uterine body to Axis of Cervix

Normally 100-110º

95
Q

What causes uterine prolapse?

A

Weakening of supporting structures in the Vagina

96
Q

Which would be more detrimental, a cut infudibulopelivic ligament (IPL / suspensory ligament) or ovarian ligament and why?

A
  • Cut IPL = BAD

- Contains ovarian a. and v. as well as nerve supply

97
Q

What uterine ligaments are a remnants of the gubernaculum?

A
  • ovarian ligament

- Round ligament

98
Q

What are the boudaries of the ovarian fossa?

A
  • Anteriolaterally by the external iliac vessels

- Posteriomedially by the ureter

99
Q

A surgeon slips and cuts posteriomedially to the ovary, fluid starts coming out. What kind of fluid is this?

A

Urine, the ureter was cut

100
Q

What is the most common site of conception in the uterine tube?

A

The ampulla

101
Q

What is the most common site of ectopic pregnancy?

A

Uterine tube, specifically the ampulla

102
Q

A Dr. sticks his fingers in a vagina and presses forward then back. What structures does she press on in the two different positions?

A
  • Forward: Uterus

- Back; Rectum

103
Q

A Dr. sticks his fingers in a rectum of a female and presses forward then back. What structures does she press on in the two different positions?

A
  • Forward: Vagina

- Back: Sacrum

104
Q

What ligament could be pierced by puncturing the posterior fornix?

A

Cardinal ligament

**Note Water under the bridge occurs here at the base of the round ligament, you also risk puncturing a ureter

105
Q

What is blood supply to the vagina?

A
  • Vaginal Aa. –> internal iliac a.
106
Q

Where is a culdoscopy typically done?

A

in the pouch of douglas

anatomy week 11 bt (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions