Local Hot and Cold Application and Heat Loss

Question 1

For hot applications the result is ___________.

Answer 1

vasodilation

Question 1

For cold application the reult is ___________ .

Answer 1

vasoconstriction

Question 2

Law of Action and Reaction: True or False.

The action (or primary effect) is the vascular response of the local tissues and lasts the duration of the application. This secondary response takes place in order to “normalize” blood flow, back through the local area and regain homeostatic function.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Law of Action and Reaction: True or False.

Action: would be 15-60 sec. vasoconstriction

Reaction: would be vasodilation – usually lasting several minutes Net vascular response (sum of action and reaction): would be vasodilation

Answer 3

True

Question 4

A local application of hydrotherapy may effect circulation in six distinctive manners: Includes:

Answer 4

Direct effect

Derivative

Retrostasis

Collateral Circulation

Arterial

Trunk Reflex

Question 5

_________ : an application to the spinal level supplying the structure, or skin reflex related to the structure, will have the same vascular response at that structure as the site of application (nerve root level).

Answer 5

Reflex

Question 6

___________ : whatever influence is placed on the artery is conveyed to the smaller blood vessels fed by it.

Answer 6

Arterial Trunk

Question 7

__________ - is the drawing of blood and lymph from one area of the body to another. It results from vasodilation due to the Action of Heat or Reaction to Cold .

Answer 7

Derivative

Question 8

___________ - is the repelling of blood and lymph from one area of the body to another. The mechanism is vasoconstriction resulting from the Action of cold or the Reaction of hot, whereby blood is diverted from the surface to the interior of the body.

Answer 8

Retrostasis

Question 9

_____________- utilizes the same mechanisms as Derivative and Retrostasis but in a very localized area. Direct modifications of blood flow through superficial blood vessels inversely affect deeper blood vessels in the local capillary bed.

Answer 9

Collateral Circulation

Question 10

___________ - is the vascular response at the immediate site of the application. It includes the Action and Reaction but most importantly, the net vascular response.

Answer 10

Direct effect

Question 11

What are the 4 processes of Body eliminating heat?

Answer 11

Evaporation

Radiation

Convection

Conduction

Question 12

It is the most important of four processes of heat loss in high environmental temperature.

Answer 12

Evaporation

Question 13

Heat transferred from surface of one object to another, without contact between the two. This is known as:

Answer 13

Radiation

Question 14

Transfer of heat to, or from the body as air or fluid passes over it. This process is known as:

Answer 14

Convection

Question 15

Heat transferred from surface of one object, to the surface of another object, with direct contact. This process is known as:

Answer 15

Conduction

Question 16

What is the percentage of heat loss through the skin?

Answer 16

80 – 90%

Question 17

What is the percentage of heat loss is through breathing?

Answer 17

10 - 20%

Question 18

What are the Vascular responses when cold application is used it results in vasoconstriction, if hot application is used it will result in vasodilation?

Answer 18

Direct Primary Effect

Arterial Trunk Reflex

Question 19

What are the Vascular responses when cold application is used it increases, if hot application is used it decreases?

Answer 19

Metabolic Activity

Nerve Impulse Velocity

Collagen Tissue Distensibility

Histamine Release

Capillary Permeability

Leukocyte Migration

Question 20

What are the Vascular responses when cold application is used it decreases, if hot application is used it increases?

Answer 20

Muscle Tone

Synovial Fluid Viscosity

Question 21

What is the Vascular responses when hot application and cold application is used it decreases?

Answer 21

Deep Tendon Reflexes

Question 22

The following are statements on how the body achieves homeostasis after COLD hydrotherapy application. Except:

1. Cold water applied to the body changes the body’s equilibrium.
2. The body temperature increases.
3. Sensory receptors on the skin (peripheral nervous system) receive the message of the change of temperature and notify the brain.

Answer 22

Except: 2

The body temperature decrease

Question 23

True or False:

How the body achieves homeostasis after COLD hydrotherapy application?

The brain (Central Nervous System) sends a message to the skeletal/muscular system, to shiver.The body shivers and teeth chatter. The muscle movements cause the body temperature to increase, thereby returning the body to a normal level. Blood pressure will usually increase.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

The following are statements on how the body achieves homeostasis after HOT hydrotherapy application. Except:

1. Hot water applied to the body changes the body’s equilibrium.
2. The body temperature decreases.
3. Sensory receptors on the skin receive the message of the change of temperature and notify the brain.
4. The brain sends a message to the circulatory system, to create vasodilatation to stimulate the sweat glands that create sweat, thereby cooling the body temperature, returning it to normal.

Answer 24

Except: 2

Question 25

True or False:

Blood Pressure and changes in blood flow.

Blood pressure increases during vasodilation because the amount of space for blood flow within the vessel has decreased.

Answer 25

False

Question 26

True or False:

Blood Pressure and changes in blood flow.

Blood pressure increases during vasoconstriction, due to a reduction of space within the vessel, for blood to flow. The heart must work harder to squeeze the same amount of blood through a smaller space

Answer 26

True