Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OTHY 104 - Evidence Based Practice and Measurement in Occupational Therapy > Measurement Tools > Flashcards

Measurement Tools Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of measurement tools?

A

descriptive discriminative, predictive, evaluative and diagnostic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do descriptive measurement tools do?

A

describes the event/functional status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do discriminative measurement tools do?

A

discriminate between different concepts or qualities that we want to assess. Compare against normative data.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do predictive measurement tools do?

A

predict future events (may also discriminate between events). Can classify people into predetermined categories or can predict future abilities and outcomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do diagnostic measurement tools do?

A

diagnose a health condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do evaluative measurement tools do?

A

evaluate health outcomes, detect change over time. In order to do this they must be sensitive to change and should have a good test-retest reliability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the purpose of measurement?

A

to give an operational/practical definition of the construct of the question/purpose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the difference between 2 measurements called?

A

variation in the measurements/error

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When is error present?

A

always

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What influences error?

A

client’s attributes, evaluation/instrument, therapist/rater and environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the sum of measurement error?

A

observed score = true ability + random error +/- systematic error

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is systematic error?

A

bias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is random error?

A

variability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a reliable tool?

A

One that produces consistent results over repeated trials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What can effect the stability of a tool?

A

translation of instruments - may not be culturally appropriate between different populations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When would you use a measurement tool?

A
  • to gather info
  • to diagnose
  • provide prognostic info
  • provide initial baseline assessment of functional status
  • progress or outcome of therapy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a standardized assessment?

A

a published test that has uniformity in administering and scoring it. Detailed instructions included which allows you to collect quantifiable data. Describes the psychometric properties of the tool.

18
Q

What is standardization?

A

process of taking an assessment and developing a fixed protocol for administering and scoring and completing studies on the psychometric properties of the tool.

19
Q

What is norm-referenced?

A

scores are obtained from a representative group of people (norms) which informs of average performance as well as range above and below this.

20
Q

What is important when looking at norm-referenced tests?

A

must be up to date ad reflect the attributes of the population.

21
Q

What is a criteria?

A

an established principle/standard based on a known standard.

22
Q

What properties should measurements have?

A

reliability, validity and responsiveness to change

23
Q

What are the characteristics of a good measurement?

A
  • concept being measures is well defined and measured accurately
  • everyone gets the same answer using the same info
  • everyone gets a different answer when data changes
  • everyone knows what the results mean
  • error is reduced as much as possible
  • measurement strategy can easily be used
24
Q

What are some aspects of clinical utility?

A
  • cost
  • time
  • training
  • energy and effort
  • portability
  • acceptability
25
Q

What costs must be considered?

A
  • initial outlay: manual, forms, test materials etc.
  • recurring costs: forms
  • equipment not included in the test
  • cost of specific training or expertise
26
Q

What aspects of time should be considered?

A
  • time to administer: poor stamina/attention span = unreliable results
  • prepare environment
  • learn test administration
  • analyse and interpret test results
  • report writing
27
Q

What must considered for the test to have a good energy and effort level?

A
  • therapist learning to administer the test
  • mobility and transfers
  • demands on the assessor and test-taker
28
Q

What aspects of portability must be considered?

A
  • heaviness/bulkiness
  • Is it easily transportable
  • can it be used in small places?
  • multiple parts to the assessment needing to be transported
  • purchase equipment to carry it?
29
Q

What must be considered in order for the test to be acceptable?

A
  • match of assessment with philosophy and frameworks used in practice context
  • will the client find this useful?
  • will it cause stress and anxiety?
  • does the assessment look professional?
30
Q

What is responsiveness?

A

ability to detect change

31
Q

How can responsiveness be quantified?

A
  • indicators of effect size
  • a modified effect size statistic proposed by Guyatt
  • receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves
32
Q

How is effect size measures?

A

cohen’s-d

33
Q

What is a small effect size?

A

0.2 or less

34
Q

What is a moderate effect size?

A

0.8 or more

35
Q

What scores of effect size indicate responsiveness to clinical change.

A

The higher the score, the more responsive it is

36
Q

How is effect size calculated?

A

the differences in means between measurement points (baseline and follow up) divided by measure of variance (standard deviation of baseline)

37
Q

What is Guyatt’s responsiveness coefficient (RC)

A

the smallest difference in a measure that signifies a clinically significant change

38
Q

What is the ROC curve?

A

reciever operating characteristic curve. True positive rate (sensitivity) is plotted in function of the false positive rate (100-specificity) for different cut-off points

39
Q

What does each point on the ROC curve indicate?

A

sensitivity/specificity pair corresponding to a particular decision threshold

40
Q

What is specificity?

A

Probability that a test result will be negative when disease or change isn’t present

41
Q

What does the ROC curve look like for a test with perfect discrimination?

A

curve passes through upper left corner (100% in both axes)

OTHY 104 - Evidence Based Practice and Measurement in Occupational Therapy (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions