gene -bolics Flashcards
There are close to __ ___ bases of the human genome, but only __-___ protein-coding genes
3 billion; 20,000-25,000
Alternative splicing and alternative gene ___ result in 4-6 different ___ from a single gene.
promoters; mRNAs
Number of __-___ ___ (transcriptome) may be as large as 100,000
protein-coding mRNAs
The original Human Genome Project used ‘clone-by-clone’ and ‘____’ approaches for sequencing
shotgun
There are ___ gaps remaining in the Human genome (compared to 150,000 in draft)
250
Since the completion of the human genome, sequencing capacity as ____ dramatically while costs have
increased; declined
__ ___ __ __ database has >10,000 entries that associate human genes with inherited diseases
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM)
___ are mapped base positions in the genome where the nucleotide varies among people.
SNPs or single nucleotide polymorphisms
Companies (e.g. 23 and me) are offering __ __ scans to individuals for less than $100. This analysis is based on ____.
full genome; SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism analysis)
Chromosomal Microarray Analysis (CMA): ___ DNA hybridized to array of several million _____ on chips. This can be used for:
Labeled; oligonucleotide; prenatal screening for early detection of chromosomal defects
______ = complement of mRNAs, containing protein-coding sequences but there are also other RNAs produced that play structural or regulatory functions (miRNA, siRNA, etc.)
Transcriptome
The transcriptome can be studied using ____, a collection of complementary (cDNA) made from mRNA or ___ ____ arranged on a solid phase slide in a defined order
Microarrays; synthetic oligonucleotides
Generally, several oligonucleotide ___ per gene are used
probes
Two samples can be compared by labeling each with a ___ ___ ___ and hybridizing them to the same array
different fluorescent dye (e.g. Two-color arrays can compare normal and cancer cells).
With advances in sequencing technology, ___ or sequencing the entire compliment of RNA in a sample is rapidly replacing ____ approaches
RNAseq; microarray