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Pharm 3 > Tranq and sedatives > Flashcards

Tranq and sedatives Flashcards

1
Q

Two major types of sedatives/tranqs

A

Major (phenothiazines, butyrophenones, alpha-2’s); Minor- benzodiazepinesq

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2
Q

Phenothiazines- MOA

A

D2 dopaminergic receptor agonist and alpha receptor antagonist in periphery (blocking NE)

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3
Q

Phenothiazines- examples

A

acepromazine, promazine

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4
Q

Effects of 2 MOAs of phenothiazines

A

D2 antagonist- sedation/tranq; alpha-2 antagonist - vasodilation

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5
Q

Acepromazine- MOA

A

D2 antag, alpha2 antag

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6
Q

Acepromazine- uses

A

Sedation, tranq, anti-emetic, anti-arrhythmic

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7
Q

Acepromazine- SEs

A

Decreased myocardial contractility, vasodilation and decreased BP, dehydration, coagulopathy

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8
Q

Promazine- route

A

Inj or oral granules

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9
Q

Acepromazine- contraindications

A

Boxers (more sensitive), consumptive coagulopathies due to decreased platelet aggregation, hypotension, DCM!!!!!, liver/renal dz

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10
Q

Acepromazine- when to use in horses

A

Prolong alpha2 like xylazine, reverse alpha2 vasoconstriction

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11
Q

Benzodiazepines- MOA

A

a1, a1, gamma subunits of GABAa channel to increase GABA affinity and increase chlorine into cell

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12
Q

Benzodiazepines- effects

A

Sed, anxiolysis, muscle relax, anticonvulsive

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13
Q

Benzodiazepines- examples

A

diazepam, midazolam, zolazepam

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14
Q

Diazepam- MOA

A

a1, a1, gamma subunits of GABAa channel to increase GABA affinity and increase chlorine into cell

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15
Q

Diazepam- BBB?

A

Yes and placenta

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16
Q

Diazepam- route

A

No IM- pain, hemolysis

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17
Q

Diazepam- metabolism

A

Hepatic oxidative- nor- and oxa- metabolites

18
Q

What causes persistent or permanent penile paralysis rarely in horses

A

Acepromazine

19
Q

Midazolam- type

A

Benzo

20
Q

Midazolam vs diazepam solubility

A

mid- h20, diaz- lipid

21
Q

Midazolam vs diazepam advantages

A

mixes better with other drugs

22
Q

Midazolam vs diazepam potency and duration

A

mid more potent, shorter

23
Q

Midazolam- BBB

A

Yes, and placenta

24
Q

Zolazepam- type

A

Benzo

25
Q

Zolazepam- uses

A

Telazol- Anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant

26
Q

Name a reversal agent for benzo

A

Flumazenil- benzo antagonist

27
Q

Name the most potent benzo

A

Zolazepam

28
Q

Describe MOA of alpha2agonists (a2A)

A

Act on sympathetic to mimic NE and EP to decrease NE

29
Q

a2Ag- examples

A

Xylazine, detomidine, dexmedetomidine, romididine

30
Q

Which a2Ag has lowest a2:a1 affinity

A

Xylazine

31
Q

What effect does a1 agonism have

A

possible paradoxical aggression source

32
Q

What class of drugs exibits reflex bradycardia

A

a2Ag

33
Q

Describe a2:a1 affinity

A

higher ratio- more specific for sedation/tranq

34
Q

Which drug in which class produces the least ataxia

A

Romifidine (a2Ag)

35
Q

What is the most selective a2Ag

A

dexmedetomidine

36
Q

Which a2Ag has highest HR and CO

A

dexmedetomidine

37
Q

Which a2Ag has the longest duration of action

A

Detomidine (horses and cats)

38
Q

What are the reversal drugs for a2Ag and what is their MOA

A

a2Antag’s : tolazoline, yohimbine, atipamezole

39
Q

What kind of reversals are each of the a2Antags

A

Tolazoline and yohimbine are non-selective; atipamezole is selective for alpha2

40
Q

Reverse xylazine

A

Yohimbine or tolazoline

41
Q

Reverse dexmedetomidine

A

Atepamezole

42
Q

Flumazenil- MOA

A

Benzo receptor antagonist- competitive; reversal for benzodiazepines

Pharm 3 (8 decks)

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