Skin Disorders

Question 1

Primary Lesions

Answer 1

Retain their original appearance

Unmodified by time and external process

Question 2

Examples of Primary Lesions (11)

Answer 2

1. Macule - freckle
2. Patch
3. Papule - verruca / wart
4. Nodule - intradermal nevus
5. Tumor - lipoma / melanoma
6. Paque
7. Wheal - hives / mosquito bite
8. Vesicle - cold sore / chickenpox
9. Bulla (bleb) - pemphigus
10. Pustule - acne
11. Cyst

Question 3

Secondary Lesions

Answer 3

appearance has been modified over time

assists in establishing a correct diagnosis

Question 4

Examples of Secondary Lesions (10)

Answer 4

1. Erosion - ruptured chickenpox vesicle
2. Ulcer - BCC
3. Fissure - athlete’s foot
4. Atrophy - thin facial skin of the elderly
5. Excoriation - Scratched insect bit
6. Crust - eczema
7. Scale - psoriasis scale
8. Lichenification - chronic atopic dermatitis
9. Scar - burn / surgical scar
10. Keloid - burn scar

Question 5

Confluent

Answer 5

blending together

Question 6

Discrete

Answer 6

remaining separate, although close together

Question 7

Diffuse

Answer 7

generalized or widespread

Question 8

Eczematous

Answer 8

vesicles with an oozing crust

Question 9

Herpetiform

Answer 9

closely grouped vesicles (herpes-like)

Question 10

Linear

Answer 10

set in a straight line

Question 11

Localized

Answer 11

found only in one area

Question 12

Pedunculated

Answer 12

on a stalk

Question 13

Telangiectatic

Answer 13

characterized by dilated surface vessels

Question 14

Verrucous

Answer 14

rough, war-like surface

Question 15

Zosteriform

Answer 15

similar to shingles, following along a nerve root dermatome

Question 16

Methods of Dx skin conditions

Answer 16

1. personal & family history
2. inspection of skin:
   
   • type of lesions
   • arrangement / pattern of lesions
   • distribution over body
3. skin biopsies: punch / shave

Question 17

Diagnostic Techniques

Answer 17

1. C & S (bacterial * fungal)
2. scraping (for fungi)
3. cytology
4. patch or scratch testing

Question 18

Urticaria (hives)

• inflammatory disorder

(like allergic reaction)

Answer 18

• results from a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction
• commonly caused by shell fish or certain fruits or drugs
• hard, raised erythematous lesions on the skin
• highly pruritic
• hives develop in pharyngeal sometimes and obstruct the airway, causing difficulty with breathing (medical ASAP)

Question 19

Eczema (atopic dermatitis)

• inflammatory disorder

Answer 19

• inherited tendancy towards allergies
• patchess of skin become rought and inflammed with itching and bleeding blisters
• S&S: lesions are mosit, red vesicular and covered with crusts in infants
• located on face, neck, arms, legs, butt
• in adults, skin is dry and flaky + thick
• itchiness is common
• Tx: steroids, identifying aggruivating agents
• mositurizing skin
• topical steroids

Question 20

Psoriasis

• inflammatory disorder

Answer 20

• chronic inflammatory skin disorder
• affect 1-3% of population
• cause: genetics / hereditary
• usually begins in teen years
• it is an excelleration of skin renewal process
• lifelong not contigious
• Tx: change in soao/ shampoo
• exposure to sunlight / UV light
• steroid creams
• tar ointments

Question 21

Scleroderma

Answer 21

• chronic hardening and contracton of skin and connective tissue
• can be local or systemic
• cause: unknow
• S&S: hard, shing, tight, immouable areas of skin
• fighertips are narrowed + shaortened
• facial expression is loast as skin tightens
• Dx test: blood, CT, chest x-ray
• Tx: antiinflammatory drugs, steroids, physiotherapy

Question 22

Cellulitis

Answer 22

• inflammation of subcutaneous connective tissue
• typically happens secondary to injury, ulcer
• organism is staphlyococcus, aurevs or strept
• S&S: usually located in lower trunk / legs area
• becomes red swollen and painful
• Tx: systemic antibiotics with analgesics for pain

Question 23

Impetigo

Answer 23

• cause : organism staphaureus
• common in infants and children
• easily spread
• S&S forms pustures and yellow crusty sores.
• lesion is red + moist and excudes a colored liquid
• itching is common
• leading to spread of bacteria
• Tx: topical antibiotics
• if in further stage, systemic antibiotics
• complicaiton: glomerulonephritis

Question 24

Necrotizing Fasciitis

Answer 24

• rare infection in deep layers of skin
• spread quickly
• streptococcus pyogenes & minor trauma
• S&S inflammation, pain, tachycardia, hypostension, mental confussion, organ failure
• Tx: IV antibiotics, IV fluids, excize tissue, amputation
• prognosis: 40-60 % morality rate

Question 25

Cold sore

Answer 25

• viral infection caused by a group of herpes viruses
• S&S: bruning/tingling sensation, painful vesicles, rupture and form a crust
• healing occurs in 2-3 wks
• Tx: topical antiviral drugs

Question 26

Verruca

Answer 26

• Small, hard benign, growth on skin
• cause by a virus, HPV type 1-4
• develop commonly in children and young adults
• S&S first appear hard raised papule and then they develop a rough surface white/tanin color, often multiple
• Tx: laser, liuid nitrogen, topical medications

Question 27

Tinea Corporis

Ringworm

Answer 27

• fungal infection of body in non-hairy part
• S&S: lesion is round, red ring of vesicles or papules with a clear center
• itchyness or a burning sensation may be present
• Tx: topical antifugal medication

Question 28

Tinea Capitis

Fungal infection

Answer 28

• infection in scalp
• common in school aged children
• manifests as a circular bald patch as hair is broken above the scalp
• S&S: erythemea / scaling
• Tx: oral antifungal agents