Lecture 22

Question 1

IF the anemic carbon then can it further do…

Answer 1

oxidation to acid

-anomeric carbon is reducing

Question 2

anomeric carbon

Answer 2

the carbon that was the carbonyl carbon on the linear model

Question 3

Disaccharides

Answer 3

formed between the anemic carbon of one sugar with any of the hydroxyl groups of the other sugar
-known as alpha or beta anomer

Question 4

lactose

Answer 4

important disaccharide

-sugar found in milk

Question 5

Lactose intolerant

Answer 5

people who lack the enzyme lactase required to hydrolyze lactose to galactopyranose and glucose

Question 6

Sucrose

Answer 6

table sugar

• is a dissacharride
• naturally occurs in many plants, cyanobacteria, but not in animals

Question 7

what is the main sugar of apricots or pineapples

Answer 7

sucrose

Question 8

what is the main sugar of grapes and apples

Answer 8

fructose

Question 9

Homoglycans

Answer 9

-have only one type of sugar

energy storage:

• amylose and amylopectin (starches) in plants
• glcogen in animals

Structural:

• cellulose in plants
• chitin in arthropods

Question 10

Heteroglycans

Answer 10

-have more than one type of sugar

Structural:
-Proteoglycans-macromolecules with one or more polysaccharieds containing glucosamine joined to a protein

Informational
-Glycoproteins-
Glycolipids

Question 11

Glycoproteins

Answer 11

one or several oligosaccharides of varying complexity covalently joined to a protein
-arrangement of sugar units and their modifications constitute identity of elements

Question 12

Glycolipids

Answer 12

membrane sphingolipids in which the hydrophobic head group are complex oligosaccharides

Question 13

What are some examples of homopolysaccharides

Answer 13

amylose
amylopectin
glycogen