Chapter 12

Question 1

Any impairment affecting any of the 4 phases of swallowing

Answer 1

Dysphagia

Question 2

What are the causes of dysphagia?

Answer 2

Stroke, TBI, cancer, side effects of medication

Question 3

What are the 4 phases of swallowing?

Answer 3

Oral prep, Oral phase, pharyngeal phase, esophageal phase

Question 4

Conscious awareness of bringing food and drink into the mouth; creating a bolus

Answer 4

Oral prep

Question 5

Begins when chewing stops, tongue tip elevates and swings back

Answer 5

Oral phase

Question 6

Phase where bolus is getting moved to the esophagus, peristalsis begins in pharynx

Answer 6

Pharyngeal phase

Question 7

Bolus passes upper esophageal sphincter, sphincter closes and peristalsis pushes bolus down esophagus, lower esophageal sphincter opens briefly to allow bolus to stomach

Answer 7

Esophageal phase

Question 8

What problems may someone have if they have dysphagia in the oral prep phase?

Answer 8

Weakness, decreased cognition

Question 9

What problems may someone have if they have dysphagia in the oral phase?

Answer 9

Poor lip seal, premature spillage, lingual weakness

Question 10

What problems may someone have if they have dysphagia in the pharyngeal phase?

Answer 10

delayed swallowing, weakness in vocal folds, larynx, soft palate

Question 11

What problems may someone have if they have dysphagia in the esophageal phase?

Answer 11

upper and lower sphincter problems, slow or absent esophageal peristalsis

Question 12

Video recording of movement of liquid from enter mouth to entering stomach

Answer 12

Modified barium swallow

Question 13

Affects motor planning, programming, neuromuscular control, or execution of speech

Answer 13

Neurological impairment

Question 14

Weakness in the muscles that control articulatory, resonator, phonatory, or respiratory systems

Answer 14

Dysarthria

Question 15

What can cause dysarthria?

Answer 15

Stroke, TBI, degenerative disease, unknown cause

Question 16

What determines the severity of dysarthria?

Answer 16

Site and size of lesions

Question 17

Gradual deterioration of nerve centers needed for fine motor control; results in stiff movements, tremors, speech and swallowing problems

Answer 17

Parkinson’s

Question 18

Autoimmune disease that results in the widespread muscle weakness causing drooping eyelids, double vision, speech and swallowing impairments

Answer 18

Myasthenia Gravis

Question 19

Loss of function to all skeletal muscle systems; degenerative disease of motor neurons

Answer 19

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrigs disease)

Question 20

Chronic damage to the myelin sheath in the CNS with unpredictable patterns of damage

Answer 20

Multiple Sclerosis

Question 21

Impaired ability to plan, sequence, coordinate, and initiate motor movements of articulators

Answer 21

Apraxia

Question 22

What causes apraxia?

Answer 22

Damage to the Broca’s