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Science Vocab > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Common minerals that form the rocks that make up earth’s crust.

A

Rock-forming minerals

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2
Q

A mineral that contains a combination of Silicon and Oxygen

A

Silicate mineral

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3
Q

Minerals that do not contain compounds of silicon and oxygen

A

Nonsilicate minerals

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4
Q

A solid whose atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern

A

Crystal

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5
Q

A four-sided structure that combines in different arrangements to form different silicate minerals

A

Silicon-oxygen tetrahedron

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6
Q

A tetrahedra that does not link with other silicon or oxygen atoms

A

Isolated tetrahedra

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7
Q

A silicate that forms ring any sharing oxygen atoms

A

Ring silicate

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8
Q

A silicate that forms a chain by sharing corner oxygen atoms

A

Single-chain silicate

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9
Q

A silicate that forms when two single chains of tetrahedra link to each other by sharing oxygen atoms

A

Double-chain silicate

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10
Q

Most single-chain silicate minerals

A

Pyroxenes

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11
Q

Double-chain silicate minerals

A

Amphiboles

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12
Q

Silicates that form when each tetrahedron shares three of its oxygen atoms with other tetrahedra

A

Sheet silicates

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13
Q

Silicates that form when each tetrahedron is bonded to four other tetrahedra

A

Framework silicates

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14
Q

A crystal structure where the atoms are packed as close together as possible

A

Closest packing

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15
Q

Earth scientists that examine, analyze, and classify minerals

A

Mineralogists

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16
Q

A reliable clue to the identity of a mineral in the color of the powder form

A

Streak

17
Q

Light that reflected off of a mineral’s surface

A

Luster

18
Q

A piece of unglazed ceramic tile

A

Streak plate

19
Q

A type of luster only if the mineral reflects light as metal does

A

Metallic luster

20
Q

A type of luster if it does not have a metallic luster

A

Nonmetallic luster

21
Q

The tendency of a mineral to split along specific planes of weakness to form smooth, flat surfaces

A

Cleavage

22
Q

When a mineral breaks into uneven pieces that have curved or irregular surfaces

A

Fracture

23
Q

A fracture that has a rough surface

A

Uneven or irregular fracture

24
Q

Fracture that looks like piece of broken wood

A

Splintery or fibrous fracture

25
Q

Fracture with a curved surface

A

Conchoidal fracture

26
Q

The measure of the ability of a mineral to resist scratching

A

Hardness

27
Q

A scale that is used to determine the hardness of a mineral

A

Moh’s hardness scale

28
Q

The ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of the substance

A

Density

29
Q

The ability to glow under ultraviolet light

A

Fluorescence

30
Q

The ability to glow under ultraviolet light and continue to blue after the light is turned off

A

Phosphorescence

31
Q

A silky appearance in minerals that appears in reflected light

A

Chatoyancy or cat’s-eye effect

32
Q

The phenomenon in which a six-sided star shape appears when a mineral reflects light

A

Asterism

33
Q

The bending of light rays as they pass from one substance, such as air, to another, such as a mineral

A

Refraction

34
Q

When crystals of calcite and one other transparent materials bend light in such a way that they produce a double image of any object viewed through them

A

Double refraction

35
Q

When the arrangement of protons and neutrons in the nuclei of of some atoms is unstable

A

Radioactivity

36
Q

A device used for identifying minerals as radioactive

A

Geiger counter

37
Q

A natural, usually inorganic solid that has characteristic chemical composition, an orderly internal structure, and a characteristic set of physical properties.

A

Mineral

Science Vocab (14 decks)

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